Added ExifInfo (Photos 5 only)

This commit is contained in:
Rhet Turnbull
2020-05-13 22:42:33 -07:00
parent d1af14dbb4
commit 53304d7023
13 changed files with 606 additions and 298 deletions

View File

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
""" version info """
__version__ = "0.28.16"
__version__ = "0.28.17"

View File

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
"""
PhotoInfo class
Represents a single photo in the Photos library and provides access to the photo's attributes
@@ -6,3 +5,4 @@ PhotosDB.photos() returns a list of PhotoInfo objects
"""
from .photoinfo import PhotoInfo
from ._photoinfo_exifinfo import ExifInfo

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
""" PhotoInfo methods to expose EXIF info from the library """
import logging
from dataclasses import dataclass
from .._constants import _PHOTOS_4_VERSION
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class ExifInfo:
""" EXIF info associated with a photo from the Photos library """
flash_fired: bool
iso: int
metering_mode: int
sample_rate: int
track_format: int
white_balance: int
aperture: float
bit_rate: float
duration: float
exposure_bias: float
focal_length: float
fps: float
latitude: float
longitude: float
shutter_speed: float
camera_make: str
camera_model: str
codec: str
lens_model: str
@property
def exif_info(self):
""" Returns an ExifInfo object with the EXIF data for photo
Note: the returned EXIF data is the data Photos stores in the database on import;
ExifInfo does not provide access to the EXIF info in the actual image file
Some or all of the fields may be None
Only valid for Photos 5; on earlier database returns None
"""
if self._db._db_version <= _PHOTOS_4_VERSION:
logging.debug(f"exif_info not implemented for this database version")
return None
try:
exif = self._db._db_exifinfo_uuid[self.uuid]
exif_info = ExifInfo(
iso=exif["ZISO"],
flash_fired=True if exif["ZFLASHFIRED"] == 1 else False,
metering_mode=exif["ZMETERINGMODE"],
sample_rate=exif["ZSAMPLERATE"],
track_format=exif["ZTRACKFORMAT"],
white_balance=exif["ZWHITEBALANCE"],
aperture=exif["ZAPERTURE"],
bit_rate=exif["ZBITRATE"],
duration=exif["ZDURATION"],
exposure_bias=exif["ZEXPOSUREBIAS"],
focal_length=exif["ZFOCALLENGTH"],
fps=exif["ZFPS"],
latitude=exif["ZLATITUDE"],
longitude=exif["ZLONGITUDE"],
shutter_speed=exif["ZSHUTTERSPEED"],
camera_make=exif["ZCAMERAMAKE"],
camera_model=exif["ZCAMERAMODEL"],
codec=exif["ZCODEC"],
lens_model=exif["ZLENSMODEL"],
)
except KeyError:
logging.debug(f"Could not find exif record for uuid {self.uuid}")
exif_info = ExifInfo(
iso=None,
flash_fired=None,
metering_mode=None,
sample_rate=None,
track_format=None,
white_balance=None,
aperture=None,
bit_rate=None,
duration=None,
exposure_bias=None,
focal_length=None,
fps=None,
latitude=None,
longitude=None,
shutter_speed=None,
camera_make=None,
camera_model=None,
codec=None,
lens_model=None,
)
return exif_info

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
""" Methods and class for PhotoInfo exposing SearchInfo data such as labels
Adds the following properties to PhotoInfo (valid only for Photos 5):
search_info: returns a SearchInfo object
labels: returns list of labels
labels_normalized: returns list of normalized labels
"""
from .._constants import _PHOTOS_4_VERSION, SEARCH_CATEGORY_LABEL
@property
def search_info(self):
""" returns SearchInfo object for photo
only valid on Photos 5, on older libraries, returns None
"""
if self._db._db_version <= _PHOTOS_4_VERSION:
return None
# memoize SearchInfo object
try:
return self._search_info
except AttributeError:
self._search_info = SearchInfo(self)
return self._search_info
@property
def labels(self):
""" returns list of labels applied to photo by Photos image categorization
only valid on Photos 5, on older libraries returns empty list
"""
if self._db._db_version <= _PHOTOS_4_VERSION:
return []
return self.search_info.labels
@property
def labels_normalized(self):
""" returns normalized list of labels applied to photo by Photos image categorization
only valid on Photos 5, on older libraries returns empty list
"""
if self._db._db_version <= _PHOTOS_4_VERSION:
return []
return self.search_info.labels_normalized
class SearchInfo:
""" Info about search terms such as machine learning labels that Photos knows about a photo """
def __init__(self, photo):
""" photo: PhotoInfo object """
if photo._db._db_version <= _PHOTOS_4_VERSION:
raise NotImplementedError(
f"search info not implemented for this database version"
)
self._photo = photo
self.uuid = photo.uuid
try:
# get search info for this UUID
# there might not be any search info data (e.g. if Photo was missing or photoanalysisd not run yet)
self._db_searchinfo = photo._db._db_searchinfo_uuid[self.uuid]
except KeyError:
self._db_searchinfo = None
@property
def labels(self):
""" return list of labels associated with Photo """
if self._db_searchinfo:
labels = [
rec["content_string"]
for rec in self._db_searchinfo
if rec["category"] == SEARCH_CATEGORY_LABEL
]
else:
labels = []
return labels
@property
def labels_normalized(self):
""" return list of normalized labels associated with Photo """
if self._db_searchinfo:
labels = [
rec["normalized_string"]
for rec in self._db_searchinfo
if rec["category"] == SEARCH_CATEGORY_LABEL
]
else:
labels = []
return labels

View File

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from pprint import pformat
import yaml
from mako.template import Template
from .._constants import (
_MAX_IPTC_KEYWORD_LEN,
_MOVIE_TYPE,
@@ -49,16 +50,22 @@ from ..utils import (
get_preferred_uti_extension,
)
# Mixins
from .photoinfo_mixin_searchinfo import PhotoInfoMixinSearchInfo, SearchInfo
class PhotoInfo(PhotoInfoMixinSearchInfo):
class PhotoInfo:
"""
Info about a specific photo, contains all the details about the photo
including keywords, persons, albums, uuid, path, etc.
"""
# import additional methods
from ._photoinfo_searchinfo import (
search_info,
labels,
labels_normalized,
SearchInfo,
)
from ._photoinfo_exifinfo import exif_info, ExifInfo
def __init__(self, db=None, uuid=None, info=None):
self._uuid = uuid
self._info = info

View File

@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
""" SearchInfo class exposing labels and other search info for Photos 5 databases
and
PhotoInfoMixinSearchInfo mixin class for PhotoInfo """
from .._constants import _PHOTOS_4_VERSION, SEARCH_CATEGORY_LABEL
class PhotoInfoMixinSearchInfo:
""" Mixin class for PhotoInfo exposing SearchInfo data such as labels
Adds the following properties to PhotoInfo (valid only for Photos 5):
search_info: returns a SearchInfo object
labels: returns list of labels
labels_normalized: returns list of normalized labels
"""
@property
def search_info(self):
""" returns SearchInfo object for photo
only valid on Photos 5, on older libraries, returns None
"""
if self._db._db_version <= _PHOTOS_4_VERSION:
return None
# memoize SearchInfo object
try:
return self._search_info
except AttributeError:
self._search_info = SearchInfo(self)
return self._search_info
@property
def labels(self):
""" returns list of labels applied to photo by Photos image categorization
only valid on Photos 5, on older libraries returns empty list
"""
if self._db._db_version <= _PHOTOS_4_VERSION:
return []
return self.search_info.labels
@property
def labels_normalized(self):
""" returns normalized list of labels applied to photo by Photos image categorization
only valid on Photos 5, on older libraries returns empty list
"""
if self._db._db_version <= _PHOTOS_4_VERSION:
return []
return self.search_info.labels_normalized
class SearchInfo:
""" Info about search terms such as machine learning labels that Photos knows about a photo """
def __init__(self, photo):
""" photo: PhotoInfo object """
if photo._db._db_version <= _PHOTOS_4_VERSION:
raise NotImplementedError(
f"search info not implemented for this database version"
)
self._photo = photo
self.uuid = photo.uuid
try:
# get search info for this UUID
# there might not be any search info data (e.g. if Photo was missing or photoanalysisd not run yet)
self._db_searchinfo = photo._db._db_searchinfo_uuid[self.uuid]
except KeyError:
self._db_searchinfo = None
@property
def labels(self):
""" return list of labels associated with Photo """
if self._db_searchinfo:
labels = [
rec["content_string"]
for rec in self._db_searchinfo
if rec["category"] == SEARCH_CATEGORY_LABEL
]
else:
labels = []
return labels
@property
def labels_normalized(self):
""" return list of normalized labels associated with Photo """
if self._db_searchinfo:
labels = [
rec["normalized_string"]
for rec in self._db_searchinfo
if rec["category"] == SEARCH_CATEGORY_LABEL
]
else:
labels = []
return labels

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
""" PhotosDB method for processing exif info
Do not import this module directly """
import logging
from .._constants import _PHOTOS_4_VERSION
from ..utils import _db_is_locked, _debug, _open_sql_file
def _process_exifinfo(self):
""" load the exif data from the database
this is a PhotosDB method that should be imported in
the PhotosDB class definition in photosdb.py
"""
if self._db_version <= _PHOTOS_4_VERSION:
_process_exifinfo_4(self)
else:
_process_exifinfo_5(self)
# The following methods do not get imported into PhotosDB
# but will get called by _process_exifinfo
def _process_exifinfo_4(photosdb):
""" process exif info for Photos <= 4
photosdb: PhotosDB instance """
photosdb._db_exifinfo_uuid = {}
raise NotImplementedError(f"search info not implemented for this database version")
def _process_exifinfo_5(photosdb):
""" process exif info for Photos >= 5
photosdb: PhotosDB instance """
db = photosdb._tmp_db
(conn, cursor) = _open_sql_file(db)
result = conn.execute(
"""
SELECT ZGENERICASSET.ZUUID, ZEXTENDEDATTRIBUTES.*
FROM ZGENERICASSET
JOIN ZEXTENDEDATTRIBUTES
ON ZEXTENDEDATTRIBUTES.ZASSET = ZGENERICASSET.Z_PK
"""
)
photosdb._db_exifinfo_uuid = {}
cols = [c[0] for c in result.description]
for row in result.fetchall():
record = dict(zip(cols, row))
uuid = record["ZUUID"]
if uuid in photosdb._db_exifinfo_uuid:
logging.warning(f"duplicate exifinfo record found for uuid {uuid}")
photosdb._db_exifinfo_uuid[uuid] = record

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
""" Methods for PhotosDB to add Photos 5 search info such as machine learning labels
Kudos to Simon Willison who figured out how to extract this data from psi.sql
ref: https://github.com/dogsheep/photos-to-sqlite/issues/16
"""
import logging
import pathlib
import uuid as uuidlib
from pprint import pformat
from .._constants import _PHOTOS_4_VERSION, SEARCH_CATEGORY_LABEL
from ..utils import _db_is_locked, _debug, _open_sql_file
"""
This module should be imported in the class defintion of PhotosDB in photosdb.py
Do not import this module directly
This module adds the following method to PhotosDB:
_process_searchinfo: process search terms from psi.sqlite
The following properties are added to PhotosDB
labels: list of all labels in the library
labels_normalized: list of all labels normalized in the library
labels_as_dict: dict of {label: count of photos} in reverse sorted order (most photos first)
labels_normalized_as_dict: dict of {normalized label: count of photos} in reverse sorted order (most photos first)
The following data structures are added to PhotosDB
self._db_searchinfo_categories
self._db_searchinfo_uuid
self._db_searchinfo_labels
self._db_searchinfo_labels_normalized
These methods only work on Photos 5 databases. Will print warning on earlier library versions.
"""
def _process_searchinfo(self):
""" load machine learning/search term label info from a Photos library
db_connection: a connection to the SQLite database file containing the
search terms. In Photos 5, this is called psi.sqlite
Note: Only works on Photos version == 5.0 """
if self._db_version <= _PHOTOS_4_VERSION:
raise NotImplementedError(
f"search info not implemented for this database version"
)
search_db_path = pathlib.Path(self._dbfile).parent / "search" / "psi.sqlite"
if not search_db_path.exists():
raise FileNotFoundError(f"could not find search db: {search_db_path}")
if _db_is_locked(search_db_path):
search_db = self._copy_db_file(search_db_path)
else:
search_db = search_db_path
(conn, c) = _open_sql_file(search_db)
result = conn.execute(
"""
select
ga.rowid,
assets.uuid_0,
assets.uuid_1,
groups.rowid as groupid,
groups.category,
groups.owning_groupid,
groups.content_string,
groups.normalized_string,
groups.lookup_identifier
from
ga
join groups on groups.rowid = ga.groupid
join assets on ga.assetid = assets.rowid
order by
ga.rowid
"""
)
# _db_searchinfo_uuid is dict in form {uuid : [list of associated search info records]
_db_searchinfo_uuid = {}
# _db_searchinfo_categories is dict in form {search info category id: list normalized strings for the category
# right now, this is mostly for debugging to easily see which search terms are in the library
_db_searchinfo_categories = {}
# _db_searchinfo_labels is dict in form {normalized label: [list of photo uuids]}
# this serves as a reverse index from label to photos containing the label
# _db_searchinfo_labels_normalized is the same but with normalized (lower case) version of the label
_db_searchinfo_labels = {}
_db_searchinfo_labels_normalized = {}
cols = [c[0] for c in result.description]
for row in result.fetchall():
record = dict(zip(cols, row))
uuid = ints_to_uuid(record["uuid_0"], record["uuid_1"])
# strings have null character appended, so strip it
for key in record:
if isinstance(record[key], str):
record[key] = record[key].replace("\x00", "")
try:
_db_searchinfo_uuid[uuid].append(record)
except KeyError:
_db_searchinfo_uuid[uuid] = [record]
category = record["category"]
try:
_db_searchinfo_categories[record["category"]].append(
record["normalized_string"]
)
except KeyError:
_db_searchinfo_categories[record["category"]] = [
record["normalized_string"]
]
if record["category"] == SEARCH_CATEGORY_LABEL:
label = record["content_string"]
label_norm = record["normalized_string"]
try:
_db_searchinfo_labels[label].append(uuid)
_db_searchinfo_labels_normalized[label_norm].append(uuid)
except KeyError:
_db_searchinfo_labels[label] = [uuid]
_db_searchinfo_labels_normalized[label_norm] = [uuid]
self._db_searchinfo_categories = _db_searchinfo_categories
self._db_searchinfo_uuid = _db_searchinfo_uuid
self._db_searchinfo_labels = _db_searchinfo_labels
self._db_searchinfo_labels_normalized = _db_searchinfo_labels_normalized
if _debug():
logging.debug(
"_db_searchinfo_categories: \n" + pformat(self._db_searchinfo_categories)
)
logging.debug("_db_searchinfo_uuid: \n" + pformat(self._db_searchinfo_uuid))
logging.debug("_db_searchinfo_labels: \n" + pformat(self._db_searchinfo_labels))
logging.debug(
"_db_searchinfo_labels_normalized: \n"
+ pformat(self._db_searchinfo_labels_normalized)
)
@property
def labels(self):
""" return list of all search info labels found in the library """
if self._db_version <= _PHOTOS_4_VERSION:
logging.warning(f"SearchInfo not implemented for this library version")
return []
return list(self._db_searchinfo_labels.keys())
@property
def labels_normalized(self):
""" return list of all normalized search info labels found in the library """
if self._db_version <= _PHOTOS_4_VERSION:
logging.warning(f"SearchInfo not implemented for this library version")
return []
return list(self._db_searchinfo_labels_normalized.keys())
@property
def labels_as_dict(self):
""" return labels as dict of label: count in reverse sorted order (descending) """
if self._db_version <= _PHOTOS_4_VERSION:
logging.warning(f"SearchInfo not implemented for this library version")
return dict()
labels = {k: len(v) for k, v in self._db_searchinfo_labels.items()}
labels = dict(sorted(labels.items(), key=lambda kv: kv[1], reverse=True))
return labels
@property
def labels_normalized_as_dict(self):
""" return normalized labels as dict of label: count in reverse sorted order (descending) """
if self._db_version <= _PHOTOS_4_VERSION:
logging.warning(f"SearchInfo not implemented for this library version")
return dict()
labels = {k: len(v) for k, v in self._db_searchinfo_labels_normalized.items()}
labels = dict(sorted(labels.items(), key=lambda kv: kv[1], reverse=True))
return labels
# The following method is not imported into PhotosDB
def ints_to_uuid(uuid_0, uuid_1):
""" convert two signed ints into a UUID strings
uuid_0, uuid_1: the two int components of an RFC 4122 UUID """
# assumes uuid imported as uuidlib (to avoid namespace conflict with other uses of uuid)
bytes_ = uuid_0.to_bytes(8, "little", signed=True) + uuid_1.to_bytes(
8, "little", signed=True
)
return str(uuidlib.UUID(bytes=bytes_)).upper()

View File

@@ -44,20 +44,27 @@ from ..utils import (
get_last_library_path,
)
# mixins
from .photosdb_mixin_searchinfo import PhotosDBMixinSearchInfo
# TODO: Add test for imageTimeZoneOffsetSeconds = None
# TODO: Fix command line so multiple --keyword, etc. are AND (instead of OR as they are in .photos())
# Or fix the help text to match behavior
# TODO: Add test for __str__
# TODO: Add special albums and magic albums
# TODO: fix "if X not in y" dictionary checks to use try/except EAFP style
class PhotosDB(PhotosDBMixinSearchInfo):
class PhotosDB:
""" Processes a Photos.app library database to extract information about photos """
# import additional methods
from ._photosdb_process_exif import _process_exifinfo
from ._photosdb_process_searchinfo import (
_process_searchinfo,
labels,
labels_normalized,
labels_as_dict,
labels_normalized_as_dict,
)
def __init__(self, *dbfile_, dbfile=None):
""" create a new PhotosDB object
path to photos library or database may be specified EITHER as first argument or as named argument dbfile=path
@@ -1848,6 +1855,9 @@ class PhotosDB(PhotosDBMixinSearchInfo):
# process search info
self._process_searchinfo()
# process exif info
self._process_exifinfo()
# done processing, dump debug data if requested
if _debug():
logging.debug("Faces (_dbfaces_uuid):")

View File

@@ -1,192 +0,0 @@
""" Mixin class for PhotosDB to add Photos 5 search info such as machine learning labels
Kudos to Simon Willison who figured out how to extract this data from psi.sql
ref: https://github.com/dogsheep/photos-to-sqlite/issues/16
"""
import logging
import pathlib
import uuid as uuidlib
from pprint import pformat
from .._constants import _PHOTOS_4_VERSION, SEARCH_CATEGORY_LABEL
from ..utils import _db_is_locked, _debug, _open_sql_file
class PhotosDBMixinSearchInfo:
""" Mixin class to extend PhotosDB to process search info terms
This mixin adds the following method to PhotosDB:
_process_searchinfo: process search terms from psi.sqlite
The following properties are added to PhotosDB
labels: list of all labels in the library
labels_normalized: list of all labels normalized in the library
labels_as_dict: dict of {label: count of photos} in reverse sorted order (most photos first)
labels_normalized_as_dict: dict of {normalized label: count of photos} in reverse sorted order (most photos first)
The following data structures are added to PhotosDB
self._db_searchinfo_categories
self._db_searchinfo_uuid
self._db_searchinfo_labels
self._db_searchinfo_labels_normalized
These methods only work on Photos 5 databases. Will print warning on earlier library versions.
"""
def _process_searchinfo(self):
""" load machine learning/search term label info from a Photos library
db_connection: a connection to the SQLite database file containing the
search terms. In Photos 5, this is called psi.sqlite
Note: Only works on Photos version == 5.0 """
if self._db_version <= _PHOTOS_4_VERSION:
raise NotImplementedError(
f"search info not implemented for this database version"
)
search_db_path = pathlib.Path(self._dbfile).parent / "search" / "psi.sqlite"
if not search_db_path.exists():
raise FileNotFoundError(f"could not find search db: {search_db_path}")
if _db_is_locked(search_db_path):
search_db = self._copy_db_file(search_db_path)
else:
search_db = search_db_path
(conn, c) = _open_sql_file(search_db)
result = conn.execute(
"""
select
ga.rowid,
assets.uuid_0,
assets.uuid_1,
groups.rowid as groupid,
groups.category,
groups.owning_groupid,
groups.content_string,
groups.normalized_string,
groups.lookup_identifier
from
ga
join groups on groups.rowid = ga.groupid
join assets on ga.assetid = assets.rowid
order by
ga.rowid
"""
)
# _db_searchinfo_uuid is dict in form {uuid : [list of associated search info records]
_db_searchinfo_uuid = {}
# _db_searchinfo_categories is dict in form {search info category id: list normalized strings for the category
# right now, this is mostly for debugging to easily see which search terms are in the library
_db_searchinfo_categories = {}
# _db_searchinfo_labels is dict in form {normalized label: [list of photo uuids]}
# this serves as a reverse index from label to photos containing the label
# _db_searchinfo_labels_normalized is the same but with normalized (lower case) version of the label
_db_searchinfo_labels = {}
_db_searchinfo_labels_normalized = {}
cols = [c[0] for c in result.description]
for row in result.fetchall():
record = dict(zip(cols, row))
uuid = ints_to_uuid(record["uuid_0"], record["uuid_1"])
# strings have null character appended, so strip it
for key in record:
if isinstance(record[key], str):
record[key] = record[key].replace("\x00", "")
try:
_db_searchinfo_uuid[uuid].append(record)
except KeyError:
_db_searchinfo_uuid[uuid] = [record]
category = record["category"]
try:
_db_searchinfo_categories[record["category"]].append(
record["normalized_string"]
)
except KeyError:
_db_searchinfo_categories[record["category"]] = [
record["normalized_string"]
]
if record["category"] == SEARCH_CATEGORY_LABEL:
label = record["content_string"]
label_norm = record["normalized_string"]
try:
_db_searchinfo_labels[label].append(uuid)
_db_searchinfo_labels_normalized[label_norm].append(uuid)
except KeyError:
_db_searchinfo_labels[label] = [uuid]
_db_searchinfo_labels_normalized[label_norm] = [uuid]
self._db_searchinfo_categories = _db_searchinfo_categories
self._db_searchinfo_uuid = _db_searchinfo_uuid
self._db_searchinfo_labels = _db_searchinfo_labels
self._db_searchinfo_labels_normalized = _db_searchinfo_labels_normalized
if _debug():
logging.debug(
"_db_searchinfo_categories: \n"
+ pformat(self._db_searchinfo_categories)
)
logging.debug("_db_searchinfo_uuid: \n" + pformat(self._db_searchinfo_uuid))
logging.debug(
"_db_searchinfo_labels: \n" + pformat(self._db_searchinfo_labels)
)
logging.debug(
"_db_searchinfo_labels_normalized: \n"
+ pformat(self._db_searchinfo_labels_normalized)
)
@property
def labels(self):
""" return list of all search info labels found in the library """
if self._db_version <= _PHOTOS_4_VERSION:
logging.warning(f"SearchInfo not implemented for this library version")
return []
return list(self._db_searchinfo_labels.keys())
@property
def labels_normalized(self):
""" return list of all normalized search info labels found in the library """
if self._db_version <= _PHOTOS_4_VERSION:
logging.warning(f"SearchInfo not implemented for this library version")
return []
return list(self._db_searchinfo_labels_normalized.keys())
@property
def labels_as_dict(self):
""" return labels as dict of label: count in reverse sorted order (descending) """
if self._db_version <= _PHOTOS_4_VERSION:
logging.warning(f"SearchInfo not implemented for this library version")
return dict()
labels = {k: len(v) for k, v in self._db_searchinfo_labels.items()}
labels = dict(sorted(labels.items(), key=lambda kv: kv[1], reverse=True))
return labels
@property
def labels_normalized_as_dict(self):
""" return normalized labels as dict of label: count in reverse sorted order (descending) """
if self._db_version <= _PHOTOS_4_VERSION:
logging.warning(f"SearchInfo not implemented for this library version")
return dict()
labels = {k: len(v) for k, v in self._db_searchinfo_labels_normalized.items()}
labels = dict(sorted(labels.items(), key=lambda kv: kv[1], reverse=True))
return labels
def ints_to_uuid(uuid_0, uuid_1):
""" convert two signed ints into a UUID strings
uuid_0, uuid_1: the two int components of an RFC 4122 UUID """
# assumes uuid imported as uuidlib (to avoid namespace conflict with other uses of uuid)
bytes_ = uuid_0.to_bytes(8, "little", signed=True) + uuid_1.to_bytes(
8, "little", signed=True
)
return str(uuidlib.UUID(bytes=bytes_)).upper()