Port to non-MacOS platforms (#1026)

* Port to non-MacOS platforms

* Keep NFD normalization on macOS

* Update locale_util.py

Fix lint error from ruff (runs in CI)

* Update query.py

click.Option first arg needs to be a list (different than click.option)

* Dynamically normalize Unicode paths in test

* Fix missing import

---------

Co-authored-by: Rhet Turnbull <rturnbull@gmail.com>

osxphotos/__init__.py

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ from .momentinfo import MomentInfo
 from .personinfo import PersonInfo
 from .photoexporter import ExportOptions, ExportResults, PhotoExporter
 from .photoinfo import PhotoInfo
-from .photosalbum import PhotosAlbum, PhotosAlbumPhotoScript
 from .photosdb import PhotosDB
 from .photosdb._photosdb_process_comments import CommentInfo, LikeInfo
 from .phototables import PhotoTables
@@ -25,6 +24,10 @@ from .placeinfo import PlaceInfo
 from .queryoptions import QueryOptions
 from .scoreinfo import ScoreInfo
 from .searchinfo import SearchInfo
+from .utils import is_macos
+
+if is_macos:
+    from .photosalbum import PhotosAlbum, PhotosAlbumPhotoScript
 
 # configure logging; every module in osxphotos should use this logger
 logging.basicConfig(

osxphotos/cli/__init__.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import sys
 from rich import print
 from rich.traceback import install as install_traceback
 
+from osxphotos.utils import is_macos
 from osxphotos.debug import (
     debug_breakpoint,
     debug_watch,
@@ -44,9 +45,7 @@ if args.get("--debug", False):
     print("Debugging enabled", file=sys.stderr)
 
 from .about import about
-from .add_locations import add_locations
 from .albums import albums
-from .batch_edit import batch_edit
 from .cli import cli_main
 from .cli_commands import (
     abort,
@@ -67,7 +66,6 @@ from .export import export
 from .exportdb import exportdb
 from .grep import grep
 from .help import help
-from .import_cli import import_cli
 from .info import info
 from .install_uninstall_run import install, run, uninstall
 from .keywords import keywords
@@ -76,19 +74,24 @@ from .labels import labels
 from .list import _list_libraries, list_libraries
 from .orphans import orphans
 from .persons import persons
-from .photo_inspect import photo_inspect
 from .places import places
 from .query import query
 from .repl import repl
-from .show_command import show
 from .snap_diff import diff, snap
-from .sync import sync
 from .theme import theme
-from .timewarp import timewarp
 from .tutorial import tutorial
-from .uuid import uuid
 from .version import version
 
+if is_macos:
+    from .add_locations import add_locations
+    from .batch_edit import batch_edit
+    from .import_cli import import_cli
+    from .photo_inspect import photo_inspect
+    from .show_command import show
+    from .sync import sync
+    from .timewarp import timewarp
+    from .uuid import uuid
+
 install_traceback()
 
 __all__ = [

osxphotos/cli/add_locations.py

@@ -5,11 +5,10 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import datetime
 
 import click
-import photoscript
 
 import osxphotos
 from osxphotos.queryoptions import IncompatibleQueryOptions, query_options_from_kwargs
-from osxphotos.utils import pluralize
+from osxphotos.utils import assert_macos, pluralize
 
 from .cli_params import QUERY_OPTIONS, THEME_OPTION, TIMESTAMP_OPTION, VERBOSE_OPTION
 from .click_rich_echo import rich_click_echo as echo
@@ -18,6 +17,10 @@ from .param_types import TimeOffset
 from .rich_progress import rich_progress
 from .verbose import get_verbose_console, verbose_print
 
+assert_macos()
+
+import photoscript
+
 
 def get_location(
     photos: list[osxphotos.PhotoInfo], idx: int, window: datetime.timedelta

osxphotos/cli/batch_edit.py

@@ -9,11 +9,15 @@ import json
 import sys
 
 import click
-import photoscript
 
 import osxphotos
 from osxphotos.phototemplate import RenderOptions
 from osxphotos.sqlitekvstore import SQLiteKVStore
+from osxphotos.utils import assert_macos
+
+assert_macos()
+
+import photoscript
 
 from .cli_commands import echo, echo_error, selection_command, verbose
 from .kvstore import kvstore

osxphotos/cli/cli.py

@@ -9,11 +9,10 @@ import click
 
 from osxphotos._constants import PROFILE_SORT_KEYS
 from osxphotos._version import __version__
+from osxphotos.utils import is_macos
 
 from .about import about
-from .add_locations import add_locations
 from .albums import albums
-from .batch_edit import batch_edit
 from .cli_params import DB_OPTION, DEBUG_OPTIONS, JSON_OPTION, VERSION_OPTION
 from .common import OSXPHOTOS_HIDDEN
 from .debug_dump import debug_dump
@@ -24,7 +23,6 @@ from .export import export
 from .exportdb import exportdb
 from .grep import grep
 from .help import help
-from .import_cli import import_cli
 from .info import info
 from .install_uninstall_run import install, run, uninstall
 from .keywords import keywords
@@ -32,19 +30,24 @@ from .labels import labels
 from .list import list_libraries
 from .orphans import orphans
 from .persons import persons
-from .photo_inspect import photo_inspect
 from .places import places
 from .query import query
 from .repl import repl
-from .show_command import show
 from .snap_diff import diff, snap
-from .sync import sync
 from .theme import theme
-from .timewarp import timewarp
 from .tutorial import tutorial
-from .uuid import uuid
 from .version import version
 
+if is_macos:
+    from .add_locations import add_locations
+    from .batch_edit import batch_edit
+    from .import_cli import import_cli
+    from .photo_inspect import photo_inspect
+    from .show_command import show
+    from .sync import sync
+    from .timewarp import timewarp
+    from .uuid import uuid
+
 
 # Click CLI object & context settings
 class CLI_Obj:
@@ -106,11 +109,9 @@ def cli_main(ctx, db, json_, profile, profile_sort, **kwargs):
 
 
 # install CLI commands
-for command in [
+commands = [
     about,
-    add_locations,
     albums,
-    batch_edit,
     debug_dump,
     diff,
     docs_command,
@@ -120,7 +121,6 @@ for command in [
     exportdb,
     grep,
     help,
-    import_cli,
     info,
     install,
     keywords,
@@ -128,19 +128,28 @@ for command in [
     list_libraries,
     orphans,
     persons,
-    photo_inspect,
     places,
     query,
     repl,
     run,
-    show,
     snap,
-    sync,
     theme,
-    timewarp,
     tutorial,
     uninstall,
-    uuid,
     version,
-]:
+]
+
+if is_macos:
+    commands += [
+        add_locations,
+        batch_edit,
+        import_cli,
+        photo_inspect,
+        show,
+        sync,
+        timewarp,
+        uuid,
+    ]
+
+for command in commands:
     cli_main.add_command(command)

osxphotos/cli/cli_params.py

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ from typing import Any, Callable
 import click
 import contextlib
 from textwrap import dedent
+
+from ..utils import is_macos
 from .common import OSXPHOTOS_HIDDEN, print_version
 from .param_types import *
 
@@ -642,6 +644,9 @@ _QUERY_PARAMETERS_DICT = {
     ),
 }
 
+if not is_macos:
+    del _QUERY_PARAMETERS_DICT["--selected"]
+
 
 def QUERY_OPTIONS(
     wrapped=None, *, exclude: list[str] | None = None

osxphotos/cli/darkmode.py

@@ -1,19 +1,34 @@
-"""Detect dark mode on MacOS >= 10.14"""
+"""Detect dark mode on MacOS >= 10.14 or fake it elsewhere"""
 
-import objc
+from osxphotos.utils import is_macos
-import Foundation
 
 
-def theme():
+if is_macos:
-    with objc.autorelease_pool():
+    import objc
-        user_defaults = Foundation.NSUserDefaults.standardUserDefaults()
+    import Foundation
-        system_theme = user_defaults.stringForKey_("AppleInterfaceStyle")
-        return "dark" if system_theme == "Dark" else "light"
 
 
-def is_dark_mode():
+    def theme():
-    return theme() == "dark"
+        with objc.autorelease_pool():
+            user_defaults = Foundation.NSUserDefaults.standardUserDefaults()
+            system_theme = user_defaults.stringForKey_("AppleInterfaceStyle")
+            return "dark" if system_theme == "Dark" else "light"
 
 
-def is_light_mode():
+    def is_dark_mode():
-    return theme() == "light"
+        return theme() == "dark"
+
+
+    def is_light_mode():
+        return theme() == "light"
+else:
+    def theme():
+        return "light"
+
+
+    def is_dark_mode():
+        return theme() == "dark"
+
+
+    def is_light_mode():
+        return theme() == "light"

osxphotos/cli/export.py

@@ -12,13 +12,6 @@ import time
 from typing import Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple
 
 import click
-from osxmetadata import (
-    MDITEM_ATTRIBUTE_DATA,
-    MDITEM_ATTRIBUTE_SHORT_NAMES,
-    OSXMetaData,
-    Tag,
-)
-from osxmetadata.constants import _TAGS_NAMES
 
 import osxphotos
 from osxphotos._constants import (
@@ -47,26 +40,37 @@ from osxphotos.datetime_formatter import DateTimeFormatter
 from osxphotos.debug import is_debug
 from osxphotos.exiftool import get_exiftool_path
 from osxphotos.export_db import ExportDB, ExportDBInMemory
-from osxphotos.fileutil import FileUtil, FileUtilNoOp, FileUtilShUtil
+from osxphotos.fileutil import FileUtilMacOS, FileUtilNoOp, FileUtilShUtil
 from osxphotos.path_utils import is_valid_filepath, sanitize_filename, sanitize_filepath
 from osxphotos.photoexporter import ExportOptions, ExportResults, PhotoExporter
 from osxphotos.photoinfo import PhotoInfoNone
-from osxphotos.photokit import (
-    check_photokit_authorization,
-    request_photokit_authorization,
-)
-from osxphotos.photosalbum import PhotosAlbum
 from osxphotos.phototemplate import PhotoTemplate, RenderOptions
 from osxphotos.queryoptions import load_uuid_from_file, query_options_from_kwargs
 from osxphotos.uti import get_preferred_uti_extension
 from osxphotos.utils import (
     format_sec_to_hhmmss,
     get_macos_version,
+    is_macos,
     normalize_fs_path,
     pluralize,
     under_test,
 )
 
+if is_macos:
+    from osxmetadata import (
+        MDITEM_ATTRIBUTE_DATA,
+        MDITEM_ATTRIBUTE_SHORT_NAMES,
+        OSXMetaData,
+        Tag,
+    )
+    from osxmetadata.constants import _TAGS_NAMES
+
+    from osxphotos.photokit import (
+        check_photokit_authorization,
+        request_photokit_authorization,
+    )
+    from osxphotos.photosalbum import PhotosAlbum
+
 from .cli_commands import logger
 from .cli_params import (
     DB_ARGUMENT,
@@ -851,7 +855,6 @@ def export(
     retry,
     save_config,
     screenshot,
-    selected,
     selfie,
     shared,
     sidecar,
@@ -883,6 +886,7 @@ def export(
     verbose_flag,
     xattr_template,
     year,
+    selected=False,  # Isn't provided on unsupported platforms
     # debug,  # debug, watch, breakpoint handled in cli/__init__.py
     # watch,
     # breakpoint,
@@ -1111,7 +1115,10 @@ def export(
 
     verbose(f"osxphotos version: {__version__}")
     verbose(f"Python version: {sys.version}")
-    verbose(f"Platform: {platform.platform()}, {'.'.join(get_macos_version())}")
+    if is_macos:
+        verbose(f"Platform: {platform.platform()}, {'.'.join(get_macos_version())}")
+    else:
+        verbose(f"Platform: {platform.platform()}")
     verbose(f"Verbose level: {verbose_flag}")
 
     # validate options
@@ -1325,7 +1332,7 @@ def export(
             if ramdb
             else ExportDB(dbfile=export_db_path, export_dir=dest)
         )
-        fileutil = FileUtilShUtil if alt_copy else FileUtil
+        fileutil = FileUtilShUtil if alt_copy or not is_macos else FileUtilMacOS
 
     if verbose:
         if export_db.was_created:
@@ -1713,7 +1720,7 @@ def export_photo(
     keyword_template=None,
     description_template=None,
     export_db=None,
-    fileutil=FileUtil,
+    fileutil=FileUtilShUtil,
     dry_run=None,
     touch_file=None,
     edited_suffix="_edited",

osxphotos/cli/help.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import re
 import typing as t
 
 import click
-from osxmetadata import MDITEM_ATTRIBUTE_DATA, MDITEM_ATTRIBUTE_SHORT_NAMES
 from rich.console import Console
 from rich.markdown import Markdown
 
@@ -21,6 +20,10 @@ from osxphotos.phototemplate import (
     TEMPLATE_SUBSTITUTIONS_PATHLIB,
     get_template_help,
 )
+from osxphotos.utils import is_macos
+
+if is_macos:
+    from osxmetadata import MDITEM_ATTRIBUTE_DATA, MDITEM_ATTRIBUTE_SHORT_NAMES
 
 from .click_rich_echo import rich_echo_via_pager
 from .color_themes import get_theme
@@ -249,68 +252,71 @@ class ExportCommand(click.Command):
             + f"rebuilding the '{OSXPHOTOS_EXPORT_DB}' database."
         )
         formatter.write("\n")
-        formatter.write(
-            rich_text("## Extended Attributes", width=formatter.width, markdown=True)
-        )
-        formatter.write("\n")
-        formatter.write_text(
-            """
-Some options (currently '--finder-tag-template', '--finder-tag-keywords', '-xattr-template') write
-additional metadata accessible by Spotlight to facilitate searching. 
-For example, --finder-tag-keyword writes all keywords (including any specified by '--keyword-template'
-or other options) to Finder tags that are searchable in Spotlight using the syntax: 'tag:tagname'.
-For example, if you have images with keyword "Travel" then using '--finder-tag-keywords' you could quickly
-find those images in the Finder by typing 'tag:Travel' in the Spotlight search bar.
-Finder tags are written to the 'com.apple.metadata:_kMDItemUserTags' extended attribute.
-Unlike EXIF metadata, extended attributes do not modify the actual file;
-the metadata is written to extended attributes associated with the file and the Spotlight metadata database. 
-Most cloud storage services do not synch extended attributes. 
-Dropbox does sync them and any changes to a file's extended attributes
-will cause Dropbox to re-sync the files.
 
-The following attributes may be used with '--xattr-template':
+        if is_macos:
-
+            formatter.write(
-            """
+                rich_text("## Extended Attributes", width=formatter.width, markdown=True)
-        )
-
-        # build help text from all the attribute names
-        # passed to click.HelpFormatter.write_dl for formatting
-        attr_tuples = [
-            (
-                rich_text("[bold]Attribute[/bold]", width=formatter.width),
-                rich_text("[bold]Description[/bold]", width=formatter.width),
             )
-        ]
+            formatter.write("\n")
-        for attr_key in sorted(EXTENDED_ATTRIBUTE_NAMES):
+            formatter.write_text(
-            # get short and long name
+                """
-            attr = MDITEM_ATTRIBUTE_SHORT_NAMES[attr_key]
+    Some options (currently '--finder-tag-template', '--finder-tag-keywords', '-xattr-template') write
-            short_name = MDITEM_ATTRIBUTE_DATA[attr]["short_name"]
+    additional metadata accessible by Spotlight to facilitate searching. 
-            long_name = MDITEM_ATTRIBUTE_DATA[attr]["name"]
+    For example, --finder-tag-keyword writes all keywords (including any specified by '--keyword-template'
-            constant = MDITEM_ATTRIBUTE_DATA[attr]["xattr_constant"]
+    or other options) to Finder tags that are searchable in Spotlight using the syntax: 'tag:tagname'.
+    For example, if you have images with keyword "Travel" then using '--finder-tag-keywords' you could quickly
+    find those images in the Finder by typing 'tag:Travel' in the Spotlight search bar.
+    Finder tags are written to the 'com.apple.metadata:_kMDItemUserTags' extended attribute.
+    Unlike EXIF metadata, extended attributes do not modify the actual file;
+    the metadata is written to extended attributes associated with the file and the Spotlight metadata database. 
+    Most cloud storage services do not synch extended attributes. 
+    Dropbox does sync them and any changes to a file's extended attributes
+    will cause Dropbox to re-sync the files.
 
-            # get help text
+    The following attributes may be used with '--xattr-template':
-            description = MDITEM_ATTRIBUTE_DATA[attr]["description"]
-            type_ = MDITEM_ATTRIBUTE_DATA[attr]["help_type"]
-            attr_help = f"{long_name}; {constant}; {description}; {type_}"
 
-            # add to list
+                """
-            attr_tuples.append((short_name, attr_help))
+            )
 
-        formatter.write_dl(attr_tuples)
+            # build help text from all the attribute names
-        formatter.write("\n")
+            # passed to click.HelpFormatter.write_dl for formatting
-        formatter.write_text(
+            attr_tuples = [
-            "For additional information on extended attributes see: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/coreservices/file_metadata/mditem/common_metadata_attribute_keys"
+                (
-        )
+                    rich_text("[bold]Attribute[/bold]", width=formatter.width),
-        formatter.write("\n")
+                    rich_text("[bold]Description[/bold]", width=formatter.width),
-        formatter.write(
+                )
-            rich_text("## Templating System", width=formatter.width, markdown=True)
+            ]
-        )
+            for attr_key in sorted(EXTENDED_ATTRIBUTE_NAMES):
-        formatter.write("\n")
+                # get short and long name
-        help_text += formatter.getvalue()
+                attr = MDITEM_ATTRIBUTE_SHORT_NAMES[attr_key]
-        help_text += template_help(width=formatter.width)
+                short_name = MDITEM_ATTRIBUTE_DATA[attr]["short_name"]
-        formatter = click.HelpFormatter(width=HELP_WIDTH)
+                long_name = MDITEM_ATTRIBUTE_DATA[attr]["name"]
+                constant = MDITEM_ATTRIBUTE_DATA[attr]["xattr_constant"]
+
+                # get help text
+                description = MDITEM_ATTRIBUTE_DATA[attr]["description"]
+                type_ = MDITEM_ATTRIBUTE_DATA[attr]["help_type"]
+                attr_help = f"{long_name}; {constant}; {description}; {type_}"
+
+                # add to list
+                attr_tuples.append((short_name, attr_help))
+
+            formatter.write_dl(attr_tuples)
+            formatter.write("\n")
+            formatter.write_text(
+                "For additional information on extended attributes see: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/coreservices/file_metadata/mditem/common_metadata_attribute_keys"
+            )
+            formatter.write("\n")
+            formatter.write(
+                rich_text("## Templating System", width=formatter.width, markdown=True)
+            )
+            formatter.write("\n")
+            help_text += formatter.getvalue()
+            help_text += template_help(width=formatter.width)
+            formatter = click.HelpFormatter(width=HELP_WIDTH)
+
+            formatter.write("\n")
 
-        formatter.write("\n")
         formatter.write_text(
             "With the --directory and --filename options you may specify a template for the "
             + "export directory or filename, respectively. "

osxphotos/cli/import_cli.py

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ from textwrap import dedent
 from typing import Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
 
 import click
-from photoscript import Photo, PhotosLibrary
 from rich.console import Console
 from rich.markdown import Markdown
 from strpdatetime import strpdatetime
@@ -43,7 +42,11 @@ from osxphotos.photoinfo import PhotoInfoNone
 from osxphotos.photosalbum import PhotosAlbumPhotoScript
 from osxphotos.phototemplate import PhotoTemplate, RenderOptions
 from osxphotos.sqlitekvstore import SQLiteKVStore
-from osxphotos.utils import pluralize
+from osxphotos.utils import assert_macos, pluralize
+
+assert_macos()
+
+from photoscript import Photo, PhotosLibrary
 
 from .cli_params import THEME_OPTION
 from .click_rich_echo import rich_click_echo, rich_echo_error

osxphotos/cli/photo_inspect.py

@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@ from typing import Generator, List, Optional, Tuple
 
 import bitmath
 import click
-from applescript import ScriptError
-from photoscript import PhotosLibrary
 from rich.console import Console
 from rich.layout import Layout
 from rich.live import Live
@@ -23,8 +21,14 @@ from rich.panel import Panel
 from osxphotos import PhotoInfo, PhotosDB
 from osxphotos._constants import _UNKNOWN_PERSON, search_category_factory
 from osxphotos.rich_utils import add_rich_markup_tag
+from osxphotos.utils import assert_macos, dd_to_dms_str
+
+assert_macos()
+
+from applescript import ScriptError
+from photoscript import PhotosLibrary
+
 from osxphotos.text_detection import detect_text as detect_text_in_photo
-from osxphotos.utils import dd_to_dms_str
 
 from .cli_params import DB_OPTION, THEME_OPTION
 from .color_themes import get_theme

osxphotos/cli/query.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 """query command for osxphotos CLI"""
 
+import sys
 import click
 
 import osxphotos
@@ -9,9 +10,12 @@ from osxphotos.cli.click_rich_echo import (
     set_rich_theme,
 )
 from osxphotos.debug import set_debug
-from osxphotos.photosalbum import PhotosAlbum
 from osxphotos.phototemplate import RenderOptions
 from osxphotos.queryoptions import query_options_from_kwargs
+from osxphotos.utils import assert_macos, is_macos
+
+if is_macos:
+    from osxphotos.photosalbum import PhotosAlbum
 
 from .cli_params import (
     DB_ARGUMENT,
@@ -20,6 +24,7 @@ from .cli_params import (
     FIELD_OPTION,
     JSON_OPTION,
     QUERY_OPTIONS,
+    make_click_option_decorator,
 )
 from .color_themes import get_default_theme
 from .common import CLI_COLOR_ERROR, CLI_COLOR_WARNING, OSXPHOTOS_HIDDEN, get_photos_db
@@ -27,20 +32,23 @@ from .list import _list_libraries
 from .print_photo_info import print_photo_fields, print_photo_info
 from .verbose import get_verbose_console
 
+MACOS_OPTIONS = make_click_option_decorator(*[
+    click.Option(
+        ["--add-to-album"],
+        metavar="ALBUM",
+        help="Add all photos from query to album ALBUM in Photos. Album ALBUM will be created "
+        "if it doesn't exist.  All photos in the query results will be added to this album. "
+        "This only works if the Photos library being queried is the last-opened (default) library in Photos. "
+        "This feature is currently experimental.  I don't know how well it will work on large query sets.",
+    ),
+] if is_macos else [])
 
 @click.command()
 @DB_OPTION
 @JSON_OPTION
 @QUERY_OPTIONS
 @DELETED_OPTIONS
-@click.option(
+@MACOS_OPTIONS
-    "--add-to-album",
-    metavar="ALBUM",
-    help="Add all photos from query to album ALBUM in Photos. Album ALBUM will be created "
-    "if it doesn't exist.  All photos in the query results will be added to this album. "
-    "This only works if the Photos library being queried is the last-opened (default) library in Photos. "
-    "This feature is currently experimental.  I don't know how well it will work on large query sets.",
-)
 @click.option(
     "--quiet",
     is_flag=True,
@@ -70,8 +78,8 @@ def query(
     json_,
     print_template,
     quiet,
-    add_to_album,
     photos_library,
+    add_to_album=False,
     **kwargs,
 ):
     """Query the Photos database using 1 or more search options;
@@ -124,6 +132,8 @@ def query(
     cli_json = cli_obj.json if cli_obj is not None else None
 
     if add_to_album and photos:
+        assert_macos()
+
         album_query = PhotosAlbum(add_to_album, verbose=None)
         photo_len = len(photos)
         photo_word = "photos" if photo_len > 1 else "photo"

osxphotos/cli/repl.py

@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@ import time
 from typing import List
 
 import click
-import photoscript
-from applescript import ScriptError
 from rich import pretty, print
 
 import osxphotos
@@ -25,6 +23,11 @@ from osxphotos.queryoptions import (
     QueryOptions,
     query_options_from_kwargs,
 )
+from osxphotos.utils import assert_macos, is_macos
+
+if is_macos:
+    import photoscript
+    from applescript import ScriptError
 
 from .cli_params import DB_ARGUMENT, DB_OPTION, DELETED_OPTIONS, QUERY_OPTIONS
 from .common import get_photos_db
@@ -55,7 +58,8 @@ def repl(ctx, cli_obj, db, emacs, beta, **kwargs):
     import logging
 
     from objexplore import explore
-    from photoscript import Album, Photo, PhotosLibrary
+    if is_macos:
+        from photoscript import Album, Photo, PhotosLibrary
     from rich import inspect as _inspect
 
     from osxphotos import ExifTool, PhotoInfo, PhotosDB
@@ -194,6 +198,7 @@ def _get_selected(photosdb):
     """get list of PhotoInfo objects for photos selected in Photos"""
 
     def get_selected():
+        assert_macos()
         try:
             selected = photoscript.PhotosLibrary().selection
         except ScriptError as e:
@@ -209,6 +214,7 @@ def _get_selected(photosdb):
 
 
 def _spotlight_photo(photo: PhotoInfo):
+    assert_macos()
     photo_ = photoscript.Photo(photo.uuid)
     photo_.spotlight()
 

osxphotos/cli/show_command.py

@@ -7,12 +7,15 @@ import click
 
 from osxphotos._constants import UUID_PATTERN
 from osxphotos.export_db_utils import get_uuid_for_filepath
+from osxphotos.photosdb.photosdb_utils import get_photos_library_version
+from osxphotos.utils import get_last_library_path, assert_macos
+
+assert_macos()
+
 from osxphotos.photoscript_utils import (
     photoscript_object_from_name,
     photoscript_object_from_uuid,
 )
-from osxphotos.photosdb.photosdb_utils import get_photos_library_version
-from osxphotos.utils import get_last_library_path
 
 from .cli_commands import echo, echo_error
 from .cli_params import DB_OPTION

osxphotos/cli/sync.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import pathlib
 from typing import Any, Callable, Literal
 
 import click
-import photoscript
 
 from osxphotos import PhotoInfo, PhotosDB, __version__
 from osxphotos.photoinfo import PhotoInfoNone
@@ -22,7 +21,11 @@ from osxphotos.queryoptions import (
     query_options_from_kwargs,
 )
 from osxphotos.sqlitekvstore import SQLiteKVStore
-from osxphotos.utils import pluralize
+from osxphotos.utils import assert_macos, pluralize
+
+assert_macos()
+
+import photoscript
 
 from .cli_params import (
     DB_OPTION,

osxphotos/cli/timewarp.py

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ from functools import partial
 from textwrap import dedent
 
 import click
-from photoscript import PhotosLibrary
 from rich.console import Console
 
 from osxphotos._constants import APP_NAME
@@ -25,9 +24,13 @@ from osxphotos.photodates import (
     update_photo_from_function,
     update_photo_time_for_new_timezone,
 )
-from osxphotos.photosalbum import PhotosAlbumPhotoScript
 from osxphotos.phototz import PhotoTimeZone, PhotoTimeZoneUpdater
-from osxphotos.utils import noop, pluralize
+from osxphotos.utils import assert_macos, noop, pluralize
+
+assert_macos()
+
+from photoscript import PhotosLibrary
+from osxphotos.photosalbum import PhotosAlbumPhotoScript
 
 from .cli_params import THEME_OPTION, TIMESTAMP_OPTION, VERBOSE_OPTION
 from .click_rich_echo import rich_click_echo as echo

osxphotos/cli/uuid.py

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 """uuid command for osxphotos CLI"""
 
 import click
+
+from osxphotos.utils import assert_macos
+
+assert_macos()
+
 import photoscript
 
 

osxphotos/compare_exif.py

@@ -5,12 +5,15 @@ from typing import Callable, List, Optional, Tuple
 
 from osxphotos import PhotosDB
 from osxphotos.exiftool import ExifTool
-from photoscript import Photo
 
 from .datetime_utils import datetime_naive_to_local, datetime_to_new_tz
+from .utils import assert_macos, noop
+
+assert_macos()
+
+from photoscript import Photo
 from .exif_datetime_updater import get_exif_date_time_offset
 from .phototz import PhotoTimeZone
-from .utils import noop
 
 ExifDiff = namedtuple(
     "ExifDiff",

osxphotos/fileutil.py

@@ -9,9 +9,11 @@ import typing as t
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
 
-import Foundation
-
 from .imageconverter import ImageConverter
+from .utils import is_macos, normalize_fs_path
+
+if is_macos:
+    import Foundation
 
 __all__ = ["FileUtilABC", "FileUtilMacOS", "FileUtilShUtil", "FileUtil", "FileUtilNoOp"]
 
@@ -90,6 +92,9 @@ class FileUtilMacOS(FileUtilABC):
         if src is None or dest is None:
             raise ValueError("src and dest must not be None", src, dest)
 
+        src = normalize_fs_path(src)
+        dest = normalize_fs_path(dest)
+
         if not os.path.isfile(src):
             raise FileNotFoundError("src file does not appear to exist", src)
 
@@ -115,6 +120,9 @@ class FileUtilMacOS(FileUtilABC):
             OSError if copy fails
             TypeError if either path is None
         """
+        src = normalize_fs_path(src)
+        dest = normalize_fs_path(dest)
+
         if not isinstance(src, pathlib.Path):
             src = pathlib.Path(src)
 
@@ -135,6 +143,7 @@ class FileUtilMacOS(FileUtilABC):
     @classmethod
     def unlink(cls, filepath):
         """unlink filepath; if it's pathlib.Path, use Path.unlink, otherwise use os.unlink"""
+        filepath = normalize_fs_path(filepath)
         if isinstance(filepath, pathlib.Path):
             filepath.unlink()
         else:
@@ -143,6 +152,7 @@ class FileUtilMacOS(FileUtilABC):
     @classmethod
     def rmdir(cls, dirpath):
         """remove directory filepath; dirpath must be empty"""
+        dirpath = normalize_fs_path(dirpath)
         if isinstance(dirpath, pathlib.Path):
             dirpath.rmdir()
         else:
@@ -151,6 +161,7 @@ class FileUtilMacOS(FileUtilABC):
     @classmethod
     def utime(cls, path, times):
         """Set the access and modified time of path."""
+        path = normalize_fs_path(path)
         os.utime(path, times=times)
 
     @classmethod
@@ -166,6 +177,9 @@ class FileUtilMacOS(FileUtilABC):
         Does not do a byte-by-byte comparison.
         """
 
+        f1 = normalize_fs_path(f1)
+        f2 = normalize_fs_path(f2)
+
         s1 = cls._sig(os.stat(f1))
         if mtime1 is not None:
             s1 = (s1[0], s1[1], int(mtime1))
@@ -188,6 +202,7 @@ class FileUtilMacOS(FileUtilABC):
         if not s2:
             return False
 
+        f1 = normalize_fs_path(f1)
         s1 = cls._sig(os.stat(f1))
         if s1[0] != stat.S_IFREG or s2[0] != stat.S_IFREG:
             return False
@@ -196,6 +211,7 @@ class FileUtilMacOS(FileUtilABC):
     @classmethod
     def file_sig(cls, f1):
         """return os.stat signature for file f1 as tuple of (mode, size, mtime)"""
+        f1 = normalize_fs_path(f1)
         return cls._sig(os.stat(f1))
 
     @classmethod
@@ -210,6 +226,8 @@ class FileUtilMacOS(FileUtilABC):
         Returns:
             True if success, otherwise False
         """
+        src_file = normalize_fs_path(src_file)
+        dest_file = normalize_fs_path(dest_file)
         converter = ImageConverter()
         return converter.write_jpeg(
             src_file, dest_file, compression_quality=compression_quality
@@ -227,6 +245,8 @@ class FileUtilMacOS(FileUtilABC):
             Name of renamed file (dest)
 
         """
+        src = normalize_fs_path(src)
+        dest = normalize_fs_path(dest)
         os.rename(str(src), str(dest))
         return dest
 
@@ -271,6 +291,9 @@ class FileUtilShUtil(FileUtilMacOS):
             OSError if copy fails
             TypeError if either path is None
         """
+        src = normalize_fs_path(src)
+        dest = normalize_fs_path(dest)
+
         if not isinstance(src, pathlib.Path):
             src = pathlib.Path(src)
 
@@ -288,7 +311,7 @@ class FileUtilShUtil(FileUtilMacOS):
         return True
 
 
-class FileUtil(FileUtilMacOS):
+class FileUtil(FileUtilShUtil):
     """Various file utilities"""
 
     pass

osxphotos/imageconverter.py

@@ -5,16 +5,20 @@
 # reference: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/59330149/coreimage-ciimage-write-jpg-is-shifting-colors-macos/59334308#59334308
 
 import pathlib
-
+import sys
-import objc
-import Metal
-import Quartz
-from Cocoa import NSURL
-from Foundation import NSDictionary
 
 # needed to capture system-level stderr
 from wurlitzer import pipes
 
+from .utils import is_macos
+
+if is_macos:
+    import objc
+    import Metal
+    import Quartz
+    from Cocoa import NSURL
+    from Foundation import NSDictionary
+
 __all__ = ["ImageConversionError", "ImageConverter"]
 
 

osxphotos/path_utils.py

@@ -1,7 +1,20 @@
-""" utility functions for validating/sanitizing path components """
+""" utility functions for validating/sanitizing path components
+
+This module also performs Unicode normalization. For a quick summary, there are
+multiple ways to write more complex characters in Unicode. This causes problems
+when e.g. checking if a file already exists and you have multiple sources for
+the same string with different encodings. This sadly happens in Photos, but
+isn't a problem on macOS, since macOS does normalization behind-the-scenes (see
+https://eclecticlight.co/2021/05/08/explainer-unicode-normalization-and-apfs/).
+This causes problems on other platforms, so we normalize as part of filename
+sanitization functions and rely on them being called every time a unique
+filename is needed.
+"""
 
 import pathvalidate
 
+from osxphotos.utils import normalize_unicode
+
 from ._constants import MAX_DIRNAME_LEN, MAX_FILENAME_LEN
 
 __all__ = [
@@ -24,7 +37,7 @@ def is_valid_filepath(filepath):
 
 
 def sanitize_filename(filename, replacement=":"):
-    """replace any illegal characters in a filename and truncate filename if needed
+    """replace any illegal characters in a filename, truncate filename if needed and normalize Unicode to NFC form
 
     Args:
         filename: str, filename to sanitze
@@ -35,6 +48,7 @@ def sanitize_filename(filename, replacement=":"):
     """
 
     if filename:
+        filename = normalize_unicode(filename)
         filename = filename.replace("/", replacement)
         if len(filename) > MAX_FILENAME_LEN:
             parts = filename.split(".")
@@ -54,7 +68,7 @@ def sanitize_filename(filename, replacement=":"):
 
 
 def sanitize_dirname(dirname, replacement=":"):
-    """replace any illegal characters in a directory name and truncate directory name if needed
+    """replace any illegal characters in a directory name, truncate directory name if needed, and normalize Unicode to NFC form
 
     Args:
         dirname: str, directory name to sanitize
@@ -69,7 +83,7 @@ def sanitize_dirname(dirname, replacement=":"):
 
 
 def sanitize_pathpart(pathpart, replacement=":"):
-    """replace any illegal characters in a path part (either directory or filename without extension) and truncate name if needed
+    """replace any illegal characters in a path part (either directory or filename without extension), truncate name if needed, and normalize Unicode to NFC form
 
     Args:
         pathpart: str, path part to sanitize
@@ -82,6 +96,7 @@ def sanitize_pathpart(pathpart, replacement=":"):
         pathpart = (
             pathpart.replace("/", replacement) if replacement is not None else pathpart
         )
+        pathpart = normalize_unicode(pathpart)
         if len(pathpart) > MAX_DIRNAME_LEN:
             drop = len(pathpart) - MAX_DIRNAME_LEN
             pathpart = pathpart[:-drop]

osxphotos/photoexporter.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import logging
 import os
 import pathlib
 import re
+import sys
 import typing as t
 from collections import namedtuple  # pylint: disable=syntax-error
 from dataclasses import asdict, dataclass
@@ -14,7 +15,6 @@ from datetime import datetime
 from enum import Enum
 from types import SimpleNamespace
 
-import photoscript
 from mako.template import Template
 
 from ._constants import (
@@ -35,26 +35,33 @@ from .datetime_utils import datetime_tz_to_utc
 from .exiftool import ExifTool, ExifToolCaching, exiftool_can_write, get_exiftool_path
 from .export_db import ExportDB, ExportDBTemp
 from .fileutil import FileUtil
-from .photokit import (
-    PHOTOS_VERSION_CURRENT,
-    PHOTOS_VERSION_ORIGINAL,
-    PHOTOS_VERSION_UNADJUSTED,
-    PhotoKitFetchFailed,
-    PhotoLibrary,
-)
 from .phototemplate import RenderOptions
 from .rich_utils import add_rich_markup_tag
 from .uti import get_preferred_uti_extension
 from .utils import (
+    is_macos,
     hexdigest,
     increment_filename,
     increment_filename_with_count,
     lineno,
     list_directory,
     lock_filename,
+    normalize_fs_path,
     unlock_filename,
 )
 
+if is_macos:
+    import photoscript
+
+    from .photokit import (
+        PHOTOS_VERSION_CURRENT,
+        PHOTOS_VERSION_ORIGINAL,
+        PHOTOS_VERSION_UNADJUSTED,
+        PhotoKitFetchFailed,
+        PhotoLibrary,
+    )
+
+
 __all__ = [
     "ExportError",
     "ExportOptions",
@@ -721,7 +728,6 @@ class PhotoExporter:
         self, src: pathlib.Path, dest: pathlib.Path, options: ExportOptions
     ) -> t.Literal[True, False]:
         """Return True if photo should be updated, else False"""
-
         # NOTE: The order of certain checks is important
         # read the comments below to understand why before changing
 
@@ -1181,7 +1187,7 @@ class PhotoExporter:
                 try:
                     fileutil.copy(src, dest_str)
                     verbose(
-                        f"Exported {self._filename(self.photo.original_filename)} to {self._filepath(dest_str)}"
+                        f"Exported {self._filename(self.photo.original_filename)} to {self._filepath(normalize_fs_path(dest_str))}"
                     )
                 except Exception as e:
                     raise ExportError(

osxphotos/photoinfo.py

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ from types import SimpleNamespace
 from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
 
 import yaml
-from osxmetadata import OSXMetaData
 
 import osxphotos
 
@@ -65,9 +64,12 @@ from .placeinfo import PlaceInfo4, PlaceInfo5
 from .query_builder import get_query
 from .scoreinfo import ScoreInfo
 from .searchinfo import SearchInfo
-from .text_detection import detect_text
 from .uti import get_preferred_uti_extension, get_uti_for_extension
-from .utils import _get_resource_loc, hexdigest, list_directory
+from .utils import _get_resource_loc, assert_macos, is_macos, hexdigest, list_directory
+
+if is_macos:
+    from osxmetadata import OSXMetaData
+    from .text_detection import detect_text
 
 __all__ = ["PhotoInfo", "PhotoInfoNone", "frozen_photoinfo_factory"]
 
@@ -1461,6 +1463,8 @@ class PhotoInfo:
 
     def _detected_text(self):
         """detect text in photo, either from cached extended attribute or by attempting text detection"""
+        assert_macos()
+
         path = (
             self.path_edited if self.hasadjustments and self.path_edited else self.path
         )

osxphotos/photokit.py

@@ -19,9 +19,12 @@
 
 import copy
 import pathlib
+import sys
 import threading
 import time
 
+assert(sys.platform == "darwin")
+
 import AVFoundation
 import CoreServices
 import Foundation

osxphotos/photosalbum.py

@@ -2,12 +2,15 @@
 
 from typing import List, Optional
 
-import photoscript
 from more_itertools import chunked
-from photoscript import Album, Folder, Photo, PhotosLibrary
 
 from .photoinfo import PhotoInfo
-from .utils import noop, pluralize
+from .utils import assert_macos, noop, pluralize
+
+assert_macos()
+
+import photoscript
+from photoscript import Album, Folder, Photo, PhotosLibrary
 
 __all__ = ["PhotosAlbum", "PhotosAlbumPhotoScript"]
 

osxphotos/photoscript_utils.py

@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import sqlite3
 
+from .utils import assert_macos
+
+assert_macos()
+
 import photoscript
 
 from ._constants import _DB_TABLE_NAMES, _PHOTOS_5_ALBUM_KIND, _PHOTOS_5_FOLDER_KIND

osxphotos/photosdb/photosdb.py

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ from typing import Any, List, Optional
 from unicodedata import normalize
 
 import bitmath
-import photoscript
 from rich import print
 
 from .._constants import (
@@ -62,6 +61,7 @@ from ..rich_utils import add_rich_markup_tag
 from ..sqlite_utils import sqlite_db_is_locked, sqlite_open_ro
 from ..utils import (
     _check_file_exists,
+    is_macos,
     get_macos_version,
     get_last_library_path,
     noop,
@@ -69,6 +69,9 @@ from ..utils import (
 )
 from .photosdb_utils import get_db_model_version, get_db_version
 
+if is_macos:
+    import photoscript
+
 logger = logging.getLogger("osxphotos")
 
 __all__ = ["PhotosDB"]
@@ -118,8 +121,8 @@ class PhotosDB:
 
         # Check OS version
         system = platform.system()
-        (ver, major, _) = get_macos_version()
+        (ver, major, _) = get_macos_version() if is_macos else (None, None, None)
-        if system != "Darwin" or ((ver, major) not in _TESTED_OS_VERSIONS):
+        if system == "Darwin" and ((ver, major) not in _TESTED_OS_VERSIONS):
             logging.warning(
                 f"WARNING: This module has only been tested with macOS versions "
                 f"[{', '.join(f'{v}.{m}' for (v, m) in _TESTED_OS_VERSIONS)}]: "

osxphotos/phototemplate.py

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ from ._version import __version__
 from .datetime_formatter import DateTimeFormatter
 from .exiftool import ExifToolCaching
 from .path_utils import sanitize_dirname, sanitize_filename, sanitize_pathpart
-from .text_detection import detect_text
 from .utils import expand_and_validate_filepath, load_function, uuid_to_shortuuid
 
 __all__ = [

osxphotos/text_detection.py

@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
 """ Use Apple's Vision Framework via PyObjC to perform text detection on images (macOS 10.15+ only) """
 
 import logging
+import sys
 from typing import List, Optional
 
+from .utils import assert_macos, get_macos_version
+
+assert_macos()
+
 import objc
 import Quartz
 from Cocoa import NSURL
@@ -11,8 +16,6 @@ from Foundation import NSDictionary
 # needed to capture system-level stderr
 from wurlitzer import pipes
 
-from .utils import get_macos_version
-
 __all__ = ["detect_text", "make_request_handler"]
 
 ver, major, minor = get_macos_version()

osxphotos/timezones.py

@@ -2,13 +2,7 @@
 
 from typing import Union
 
-import Foundation
+from .utils import is_macos
-import objc
-
-
-def known_timezone_names():
-    """Get list of valid timezones on macOS"""
-    return Foundation.NSTimeZone.knownTimeZoneNames()
 
 
 def format_offset_time(offset: int) -> str:
@@ -19,43 +13,107 @@ def format_offset_time(offset: int) -> str:
     return f"{sign}{hours:02d}:{minutes:02d}"
 
 
-class Timezone:
+if is_macos:
-    """Create Timezone object from either name (str) or offset from GMT (int)"""
+    import Foundation
+    import objc
 
-    def __init__(self, tz: Union[str, int]):
+
-        with objc.autorelease_pool():
+    def known_timezone_names():
+        """Get list of valid timezones on macOS"""
+        return Foundation.NSTimeZone.knownTimeZoneNames()
+
+
+    class Timezone:
+        """Create Timezone object from either name (str) or offset from GMT (int)"""
+
+        def __init__(self, tz: Union[str, int]):
+            with objc.autorelease_pool():
+                if isinstance(tz, str):
+                    self.timezone = Foundation.NSTimeZone.timeZoneWithName_(tz)
+                    self._name = tz
+                elif isinstance(tz, int):
+                    self.timezone = Foundation.NSTimeZone.timeZoneForSecondsFromGMT_(tz)
+                    self._name = self.timezone.name()
+                else:
+                    raise TypeError("Timezone must be a string or an int")
+
+        @property
+        def name(self) -> str:
+            return self._name
+
+        @property
+        def offset(self) -> int:
+            return self.timezone.secondsFromGMT()
+
+        @property
+        def offset_str(self) -> str:
+            return format_offset_time(self.offset)
+
+        @property
+        def abbreviation(self) -> str:
+            return self.timezone.abbreviation()
+
+        def __str__(self):
+            return self.name
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return self.name
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            if isinstance(other, Timezone):
+                return self.timezone == other.timezone
+            return False
+else:
+    import zoneinfo
+    from datetime import datetime
+
+    def known_timezone_names():
+        """Get list of valid timezones"""
+        return zoneinfo.available_timezones()
+
+
+    class Timezone:
+        """Create Timezone object from either name (str) or offset from GMT (int)"""
+
+        def __init__(self, tz: Union[str, int]):
             if isinstance(tz, str):
-                self.timezone = Foundation.NSTimeZone.timeZoneWithName_(tz)
+                self.timezone = zoneinfo.ZoneInfo(tz)
                 self._name = tz
             elif isinstance(tz, int):
-                self.timezone = Foundation.NSTimeZone.timeZoneForSecondsFromGMT_(tz)
+                if tz > 0:
-                self._name = self.timezone.name()
+                    name = f"Etc/GMT+{tz // 3600}"
+                else:
+                    name = f"Etc/GMT-{-tz // 3600}"
+                self.timezone = zoneinfo.ZoneInfo(name)
+                self._name = self.timezone.key
             else:
                 raise TypeError("Timezone must be a string or an int")
 
-    @property
+        @property
-    def name(self) -> str:
+        def name(self) -> str:
-        return self._name
+            return self._name
 
-    @property
+        @property
-    def offset(self) -> int:
+        def offset(self) -> int:
-        return self.timezone.secondsFromGMT()
+            td = self.timezone.utcoffset(datetime.now())
+            assert td
+            return int(td.total_seconds())
 
-    @property
+        @property
-    def offset_str(self) -> str:
+        def offset_str(self) -> str:
-        return format_offset_time(self.offset)
+            return format_offset_time(self.offset)
 
-    @property
+        @property
-    def abbreviation(self) -> str:
+        def abbreviation(self) -> str:
-        return self.timezone.abbreviation()
+            return self.timezone.key
 
-    def __str__(self):
+        def __str__(self):
-        return self.name
+            return self.name
 
-    def __repr__(self):
+        def __repr__(self):
-        return self.name
+            return self.name
 
-    def __eq__(self, other):
+        def __eq__(self, other):
-        if isinstance(other, Timezone):
+            if isinstance(other, Timezone):
-            return self.timezone == other.timezone
+                return self.timezone == other.timezone
-        return False
+            return False

osxphotos/uti.py

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 """ get UTI for a given file extension and the preferred extension for a given UTI
 
-Implementation note: runs only on macOS
-
     On macOS <= 11 (Big Sur), uses objective C CoreServices methods 
     UTTypeCopyPreferredTagWithClass and UTTypeCreatePreferredIdentifierForTag to retrieve the 
     UTI and the extension.  These are deprecated in 10.15 (Catalina) and no longer supported on Monterey.
@@ -13,6 +11,8 @@ Implementation note: runs only on macOS
     works for the extension -> UTI lookup. On Monterey, if there is no cached value for UTI -> extension lookup, 
     returns None.
 
+    Outside of macOS uses only the hardcoded list of UTIs.
+
     It's a bit hacky but best I can think of to make this robust on different versions of macOS.  PRs welcome.
 """
 
@@ -21,12 +21,14 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import csv
 import re
 import subprocess
+import sys
 import tempfile
 
-import CoreServices
+from .utils import assert_macos, is_macos, get_macos_version
-import objc
 
-from .utils import get_macos_version
+if is_macos:
+    import CoreServices
+    import objc
 
 __all__ = ["get_preferred_uti_extension", "get_uti_for_extension"]
 
@@ -518,11 +520,10 @@ def _load_uti_dict():
         EXT_UTI_DICT[row["extension"]] = row["UTI"]
         UTI_EXT_DICT[row["UTI"]] = row["preferred_extension"]
 
-
 _load_uti_dict()
 
 # OS version for determining which methods can be used
-OS_VER, OS_MAJOR, _ = (int(x) for x in get_macos_version())
+OS_VER, OS_MAJOR, _ = (int(x) for x in get_macos_version()) if is_macos else (None, None, None)
 
 
 def _get_uti_from_mdls(extension):
@@ -532,6 +533,9 @@ def _get_uti_from_mdls(extension):
     # mdls -name kMDItemContentType foo.3fr
     # kMDItemContentType = "com.hasselblad.3fr-raw-image"
 
+    if not is_macos:
+        return None
+
     try:
         with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix="." + extension) as temp:
             output = subprocess.check_output(
@@ -573,7 +577,7 @@ def get_preferred_uti_extension(uti: str) -> str | None:
     uti: UTI str, e.g. 'public.jpeg'
     returns: preferred extension as str or None if cannot be determined"""
 
-    if (OS_VER, OS_MAJOR) <= (10, 16):
+    if is_macos and (OS_VER, OS_MAJOR) <= (10, 16):
         # reference: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/coreservices/1442744-uttypecopypreferredtagwithclass?language=objc
         # deprecated in Catalina+, likely won't work at all on macOS 12
         with objc.autorelease_pool():
@@ -602,7 +606,7 @@ def get_uti_for_extension(extension):
     if extension[0] == ".":
         extension = extension[1:]
 
-    if (OS_VER, OS_MAJOR) <= (10, 16):
+    if is_macos and (OS_VER, OS_MAJOR) <= (10, 16):
         # https://developer.apple.com/documentation/coreservices/1448939-uttypecreatepreferredidentifierf
         with objc.autorelease_pool():
             uti = CoreServices.UTTypeCreatePreferredIdentifierForTag(

osxphotos/utils.py

@@ -16,10 +16,9 @@ import sys
 import unicodedata
 import urllib.parse
 from plistlib import load as plistload
-from typing import Callable, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
+from typing import Any, Callable, List, Optional, Tuple, TypeVar, Union
 from uuid import UUID
 
-import CoreFoundation
 import requests
 import shortuuid
 
@@ -28,6 +27,8 @@ from ._constants import UNICODE_FORMAT
 logger = logging.getLogger("osxphotos")
 
 __all__ = [
+    "is_macos",
+    "assert_macos",
     "dd_to_dms_str",
     "expand_and_validate_filepath",
     "get_last_library_path",
@@ -53,6 +54,16 @@ __all__ = [
 VERSION_INFO_URL = "https://pypi.org/pypi/osxphotos/json"
 
 
+is_macos = sys.platform == "darwin"
+
+def assert_macos():
+    assert is_macos, "This feature only runs on macOS"
+
+
+if is_macos:
+    import CoreFoundation
+
+
 def noop(*args, **kwargs):
     """do nothing (no operation)"""
     pass
@@ -67,6 +78,7 @@ def lineno(filename):
 
 
 def get_macos_version():
+    assert_macos()
     # returns tuple of str containing OS version
     # e.g. 10.13.6 = ("10", "13", "6")
     version = platform.mac_ver()[0].split(".")
@@ -166,6 +178,8 @@ def get_system_library_path():
     """return the path to the system Photos library as string"""
     """ only works on MacOS 10.15 """
     """ on earlier versions, returns None """
+    if not is_macos:
+        return None
     _, major, _ = get_macos_version()
     if int(major) < 15:
         logger.debug(
@@ -241,6 +255,8 @@ def get_last_library_path():
 def list_photo_libraries():
     """returns list of Photos libraries found on the system"""
     """ on MacOS < 10.15, this may omit some libraries """
+    if not is_macos:
+        return []
 
     # On 10.15, mdfind appears to find all libraries
     # On older MacOS versions, mdfind appears to ignore some libraries
@@ -263,11 +279,14 @@ def list_photo_libraries():
     return lib_list
 
 
-def normalize_fs_path(path: str) -> str:
+T = TypeVar("T", bound=Union[str, pathlib.Path])
+def normalize_fs_path(path: T) -> T:
     """Normalize filesystem paths with unicode in them"""
-    # macOS HFS+ uses NFD, APFS doesn't normalize but stick with NFD
+    form = "NFD" if is_macos else "NFC"
-    # ref: https://eclecticlight.co/2021/05/08/explainer-unicode-normalization-and-apfs/
+    if isinstance(path, pathlib.Path):
-    return unicodedata.normalize("NFD", path)
+        return pathlib.Path(unicodedata.normalize(form, str(path)))
+    else:
+        return unicodedata.normalize(form, path)
 
 
 # def findfiles(pattern, path):
@@ -356,7 +375,7 @@ def list_directory(
     return files
 
 
-def normalize_unicode(value):
+def normalize_unicode(value) -> Any:
     """normalize unicode data"""
     if value is None:
         return None

tests/conftest.py

@@ -5,14 +5,19 @@ import shutil
 import tempfile
 import time
 
-import photoscript
 import pytest
-from applescript import AppleScript
+
-from photoscript.utils import ditto
+from osxphotos.utils import is_macos
+
+if is_macos:
+    import photoscript
+    from applescript import AppleScript
+    from photoscript.utils import ditto
+
+    from .test_catalina_10_15_7 import UUID_DICT_LOCAL
 
 from osxphotos.exiftool import _ExifToolProc
 
-from .test_catalina_10_15_7 import UUID_DICT_LOCAL
 
 # run timewarp tests (configured with --timewarp)
 TEST_TIMEWARP = False
@@ -34,6 +39,9 @@ NO_CLEANUP = False
 
 
 def get_os_version():
+    if not is_macos:
+        return (None, None, None)
+
     import platform
 
     # returns tuple containing OS version
@@ -53,7 +61,7 @@ def get_os_version():
     return (ver, major, minor)
 
 
-OS_VER = get_os_version()
+OS_VER = get_os_version() if is_macos else [None, None]
 if OS_VER[0] == "10" and OS_VER[1] == "15":
     # Catalina
     TEST_LIBRARY = "tests/Test-10.15.7.photoslibrary"
@@ -77,28 +85,28 @@ else:
     TEST_LIBRARY_ADD_LOCATIONS = None
 
 
-@pytest.fixture(scope="session", autouse=True)
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session", autouse=is_macos)
 def setup_photos_timewarp():
     if not TEST_TIMEWARP:
         return
     copy_photos_library(TEST_LIBRARY_TIMEWARP, delay=5)
 
 
-@pytest.fixture(scope="session", autouse=True)
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session", autouse=is_macos)
 def setup_photos_import():
     if not TEST_IMPORT:
         return
     copy_photos_library(TEST_LIBRARY_IMPORT, delay=10)
 
 
-@pytest.fixture(scope="session", autouse=True)
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session", autouse=is_macos)
 def setup_photos_sync():
     if not TEST_SYNC:
         return
     copy_photos_library(TEST_LIBRARY_SYNC, delay=10)
 
 
-@pytest.fixture(scope="session", autouse=True)
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session", autouse=is_macos)
 def setup_photos_add_locations():
     if not TEST_ADD_LOCATIONS:
         return
@@ -312,7 +320,10 @@ def addalbum_library():
 
 def copy_photos_library_to_path(photos_library_path: str, dest_path: str) -> str:
     """Copy a photos library to a folder"""
-    ditto(photos_library_path, dest_path)
+    if is_macos:
+        ditto(photos_library_path, dest_path)
+    else:
+        shutil.copytree(photos_library_path, dest_path)
     return dest_path
 
 

tests/locale_util.py

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+""" Helpers for running locale-dependent tests """
+
+import contextlib
+import locale
+
+import pytest
+
+
+def setlocale(typ, name):
+    try:
+        with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
+            locale.setlocale(typ, name)
+        # On Linux UTF-8 locales are separate
+        locale.setlocale(typ, f"{name}.UTF-8")
+    except locale.Error:
+        pytest.skip(f"Locale {name} not available")

tests/test_catalina_10_15_7.py

@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ import pytest
 import osxphotos
 from osxphotos._constants import _UNKNOWN_PERSON
 from osxphotos.photoexporter import PhotoExporter
-from osxphotos.utils import get_macos_version
+from osxphotos.utils import is_macos, get_macos_version
 
-OS_VERSION = get_macos_version()
+OS_VERSION = get_macos_version() if is_macos else (None, None, None)
 SKIP_TEST = "OSXPHOTOS_TEST_EXPORT" not in os.environ or OS_VERSION[1] != "15"
 PHOTOS_DB_LOCAL = os.path.expanduser("~/Pictures/Photos Library.photoslibrary")
 
@@ -1448,6 +1448,7 @@ def test_multi_uuid(photosdb):
     assert len(photos) == 2
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not is_macos, reason="Only works on macOS")
 def test_detected_text(photosdb):
     """test PhotoInfo.detected_text"""
     for uuid, expected_text in UUID_DETECTED_TEXT.items():

tests/test_cli.py

@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ import subprocess
 import tempfile
 import time
 from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
+from bitmath import contextlib
 
 import pytest
 from click.testing import CliRunner
-from osxmetadata import OSXMetaData, Tag
 
 import osxphotos
 from osxphotos._constants import OSXPHOTOS_EXPORT_DB
@@ -36,9 +36,16 @@ from osxphotos.cli import (
 )
 from osxphotos.exiftool import ExifTool, get_exiftool_path
 from osxphotos.fileutil import FileUtil
-from osxphotos.utils import noop, normalize_fs_path, normalize_unicode
+from osxphotos.utils import is_macos, noop, normalize_fs_path, normalize_unicode
+if is_macos:
+    from osxmetadata import OSXMetaData, Tag
 
 from .conftest import copy_photos_library_to_path
+from .locale_util import setlocale
+
+def _normalize_fs_paths(paths):
+    """Small helper to prepare path strings for test"""
+    return [normalize_fs_path(p) for p in paths]
 
 CLI_PHOTOS_DB = "tests/Test-10.15.7.photoslibrary"
 LIVE_PHOTOS_DB = "tests/Test-Cloud-10.15.1.photoslibrary"
@@ -66,7 +73,7 @@ SKIP_UUID_FILE = "tests/skip_uuid_from_file.txt"
 
 CLI_OUTPUT_QUERY_UUID = '[{"uuid": "D79B8D77-BFFC-460B-9312-034F2877D35B", "filename": "D79B8D77-BFFC-460B-9312-034F2877D35B.jpeg", "original_filename": "Pumkins2.jpg", "date": "2018-09-28T16:07:07-04:00", "description": "Girl holding pumpkin", "title": "I found one!", "keywords": ["Kids"], "albums": ["Pumpkin Farm", "Test Album", "Multi Keyword"], "persons": ["Katie"], "path": "/tests/Test-10.15.7.photoslibrary/originals/D/D79B8D77-BFFC-460B-9312-034F2877D35B.jpeg", "ismissing": false, "hasadjustments": false, "external_edit": false, "favorite": false, "hidden": false, "latitude": 41.256566, "longitude": -95.940257, "path_edited": null, "shared": false, "isphoto": true, "ismovie": false, "uti": "public.jpeg", "burst": false, "live_photo": false, "path_live_photo": null, "iscloudasset": false, "incloud": null}]'
 
-CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES = [
+CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES = _normalize_fs_paths([
     "[2020-08-29] AAF035 (1).jpg",
     "[2020-08-29] AAF035 (2).jpg",
     "[2020-08-29] AAF035 (3).jpg",
@@ -100,10 +107,10 @@ CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES = [
     "wedding.jpg",
     "winebottle (1).jpeg",
     "winebottle.jpeg",
-]
+])
 
 
-CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_DRY_RUN = [
+CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_DRY_RUN = _normalize_fs_paths([
     "[2020-08-29] AAF035.jpg",
     "DSC03584.dng",
     "Frítest_edited.jpeg",
@@ -130,15 +137,25 @@ CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_DRY_RUN = [
     "wedding.jpg",
     "winebottle.jpeg",
     "winebottle.jpeg",
-]
+])
 
-CLI_EXPORT_IGNORE_SIGNATURE_FILENAMES = ["Tulips.jpg", "wedding.jpg"]
+CLI_EXPORT_IGNORE_SIGNATURE_FILENAMES = _normalize_fs_paths([
+    "Tulips.jpg",
+    "wedding.jpg"
+])
 
-CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_ALBUM = ["Pumkins1.jpg", "Pumkins2.jpg", "Pumpkins3.jpg"]
+CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_ALBUM = _normalize_fs_paths([
+    "Pumkins1.jpg",
+    "Pumkins2.jpg",
+    "Pumpkins3.jpg"
+])
 
-CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_ALBUM_UNICODE = ["IMG_4547.jpg"]
+CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_ALBUM_UNICODE = _normalize_fs_paths(["IMG_4547.jpg"])
 
-CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_DELETED_TWIN = ["wedding.jpg", "wedding_edited.jpeg"]
+CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_DELETED_TWIN = _normalize_fs_paths([
+    "wedding.jpg",
+    "wedding_edited.jpeg"
+])
 
 CLI_EXPORT_EDITED_SUFFIX = "_bearbeiten"
 CLI_EXPORT_EDITED_SUFFIX_TEMPLATE = "{edited?_edited,}"
@@ -146,7 +163,7 @@ CLI_EXPORT_ORIGINAL_SUFFIX = "_original"
 CLI_EXPORT_ORIGINAL_SUFFIX_TEMPLATE = "{edited?_original,}"
 CLI_EXPORT_PREVIEW_SUFFIX = "_lowres"
 
-CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_EDITED_SUFFIX = [
+CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_EDITED_SUFFIX = _normalize_fs_paths([
     "[2020-08-29] AAF035 (1).jpg",
     "[2020-08-29] AAF035 (2).jpg",
     "[2020-08-29] AAF035 (3).jpg",
@@ -180,9 +197,9 @@ CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_EDITED_SUFFIX = [
     "wedding.jpg",
     "winebottle (1).jpeg",
     "winebottle.jpeg",
-]
+])
 
-CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_EDITED_SUFFIX_TEMPLATE = [
+CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_EDITED_SUFFIX_TEMPLATE = _normalize_fs_paths([
     "[2020-08-29] AAF035 (1).jpg",
     "[2020-08-29] AAF035 (2).jpg",
     "[2020-08-29] AAF035 (3).jpg",
@@ -216,9 +233,9 @@ CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_EDITED_SUFFIX_TEMPLATE = [
     "wedding.jpg",
     "winebottle (1).jpeg",
     "winebottle.jpeg",
-]
+])
 
-CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_ORIGINAL_SUFFIX = [
+CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_ORIGINAL_SUFFIX = _normalize_fs_paths([
     "[2020-08-29] AAF035_original (1).jpg",
     "[2020-08-29] AAF035_original (2).jpg",
     "[2020-08-29] AAF035_original (3).jpg",
@@ -252,9 +269,9 @@ CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_ORIGINAL_SUFFIX = [
     "wedding_original.jpg",
     "winebottle_original (1).jpeg",
     "winebottle_original.jpeg",
-]
+])
 
-CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_ORIGINAL_SUFFIX_TEMPLATE = [
+CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_ORIGINAL_SUFFIX_TEMPLATE = _normalize_fs_paths([
     "[2020-08-29] AAF035 (1).jpg",
     "[2020-08-29] AAF035 (2).jpg",
     "[2020-08-29] AAF035 (3).jpg",
@@ -288,7 +305,7 @@ CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_ORIGINAL_SUFFIX_TEMPLATE = [
     "wedding_original.jpg",
     "winebottle (1).jpeg",
     "winebottle.jpeg",
-]
+])
 
 CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_CURRENT = [
     "1793FAAB-DE75-4E25-886C-2BD66C780D6A_edited.jpeg",  # Frítest.jpg
@@ -326,7 +343,7 @@ CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_CURRENT = [
     "F207D5DE-EFAD-4217-8424-0764AAC971D0.jpeg",
 ]
 
-CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_CONVERT_TO_JPEG = [
+CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_CONVERT_TO_JPEG = _normalize_fs_paths([
     "[2020-08-29] AAF035 (1).jpg",
     "[2020-08-29] AAF035 (2).jpg",
     "[2020-08-29] AAF035 (3).jpg",
@@ -360,9 +377,9 @@ CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_CONVERT_TO_JPEG = [
     "wedding.jpg",
     "winebottle (1).jpeg",
     "winebottle.jpeg",
-]
+])
 
-CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_CONVERT_TO_JPEG_SKIP_RAW = [
+CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_CONVERT_TO_JPEG_SKIP_RAW = _normalize_fs_paths([
     "[2020-08-29] AAF035 (1).jpg",
     "[2020-08-29] AAF035 (2).jpg",
     "[2020-08-29] AAF035 (3).jpg",
@@ -394,26 +411,26 @@ CLI_EXPORT_FILENAMES_CONVERT_TO_JPEG_SKIP_RAW = [
     "wedding.jpg",
     "winebottle (1).jpeg",
     "winebottle.jpeg",
-]
+])
 
 CLI_EXPORT_CONVERT_TO_JPEG_LARGE_FILE = "DSC03584.jpeg"
 
-CLI_EXPORTED_DIRECTORY_TEMPLATE_FILENAMES1 = [
+CLI_EXPORTED_DIRECTORY_TEMPLATE_FILENAMES1 = _normalize_fs_paths([
     "2019/April/wedding.jpg",
     "2019/July/Tulips.jpg",
     "2018/October/St James Park.jpg",
     "2018/September/Pumpkins3.jpg",
     "2018/September/Pumkins2.jpg",
     "2018/September/Pumkins1.jpg",
-]
+])
 
-CLI_EXPORTED_DIRECTORY_TEMPLATE_FILENAMES_LOCALE = [
+CLI_EXPORTED_DIRECTORY_TEMPLATE_FILENAMES_LOCALE = _normalize_fs_paths([
     "2019/September/IMG_9975.JPEG",
     "2020/Februar/IMG_1064.JPEG",
     "2016/März/IMG_3984.JPEG",
-]
+])
 
-CLI_EXPORTED_DIRECTORY_TEMPLATE_FILENAMES_ALBUM1 = [
+CLI_EXPORTED_DIRECTORY_TEMPLATE_FILENAMES_ALBUM1 = _normalize_fs_paths([
     "Multi Keyword/wedding.jpg",
     "_/Tulips.jpg",
     "_/St James Park.jpg",
@@ -421,9 +438,9 @@ CLI_EXPORTED_DIRECTORY_TEMPLATE_FILENAMES_ALBUM1 = [
     "Pumpkin Farm/Pumkins2.jpg",
     "Pumpkin Farm/Pumkins1.jpg",
     "Test Album/Pumkins1.jpg",
-]
+])
 
-CLI_EXPORTED_DIRECTORY_TEMPLATE_FILENAMES_ALBUM2 = [
+CLI_EXPORTED_DIRECTORY_TEMPLATE_FILENAMES_ALBUM2 = _normalize_fs_paths([
     "Multi Keyword/wedding.jpg",
     "NOALBUM/Tulips.jpg",
     "NOALBUM/St James Park.jpg",
@@ -431,28 +448,28 @@ CLI_EXPORTED_DIRECTORY_TEMPLATE_FILENAMES_ALBUM2 = [
     "Pumpkin Farm/Pumkins2.jpg",
     "Pumpkin Farm/Pumkins1.jpg",
     "Test Album/Pumkins1.jpg",
-]
+])
 
-CLI_EXPORTED_DIRECTORY_TEMPLATE_FILENAMES2 = [
+CLI_EXPORTED_DIRECTORY_TEMPLATE_FILENAMES2 = _normalize_fs_paths([
     "St James's Park, Great Britain, Westminster, England, United Kingdom/St James Park.jpg",
     "_/Pumpkins3.jpg",
     "Omaha, Nebraska, United States/Pumkins2.jpg",
     "_/Pumkins1.jpg",
     "_/Tulips.jpg",
     "_/wedding.jpg",
-]
+])
 
-CLI_EXPORTED_DIRECTORY_TEMPLATE_FILENAMES3 = [
+CLI_EXPORTED_DIRECTORY_TEMPLATE_FILENAMES3 = _normalize_fs_paths([
     "2019/{foo}/wedding.jpg",
     "2019/{foo}/Tulips.jpg",
     "2018/{foo}/St James Park.jpg",
     "2018/{foo}/Pumpkins3.jpg",
     "2018/{foo}/Pumkins2.jpg",
     "2018/{foo}/Pumkins1.jpg",
-]
+])
 
 
-CLI_EXPORTED_FILENAME_TEMPLATE_FILENAMES1 = [
+CLI_EXPORTED_FILENAME_TEMPLATE_FILENAMES1 = _normalize_fs_paths([
     "2019-wedding.jpg",
     "2019-wedding_edited.jpeg",
     "2019-Tulips.jpg",
@@ -461,9 +478,9 @@ CLI_EXPORTED_FILENAME_TEMPLATE_FILENAMES1 = [
     "2018-Pumpkins3.jpg",
     "2018-Pumkins2.jpg",
     "2018-Pumkins1.jpg",
-]
+])
 
-CLI_EXPORTED_FILENAME_TEMPLATE_FILENAMES2 = [
+CLI_EXPORTED_FILENAME_TEMPLATE_FILENAMES2 = _normalize_fs_paths([
     "Folder1_SubFolder2_AlbumInFolder-IMG_4547.jpg",
     "Folder1_SubFolder2_AlbumInFolder-wedding.jpg",
     "Folder1_SubFolder2_AlbumInFolder-wedding_edited.jpeg",
@@ -484,18 +501,18 @@ CLI_EXPORTED_FILENAME_TEMPLATE_FILENAMES2 = [
     "None-IMG_1693.tif",
     "I have a deleted twin-wedding.jpg",
     "I have a deleted twin-wedding_edited.jpeg",
-]
+])
 
-CLI_EXPORTED_FILENAME_TEMPLATE_FILENAMES_PATHSEP = [
+CLI_EXPORTED_FILENAME_TEMPLATE_FILENAMES_PATHSEP = _normalize_fs_paths([
     "2018-10 - Sponsion, Museum, Frühstück, Römermuseum/IMG_4547.jpg",
     "Folder1/SubFolder2/AlbumInFolder/IMG_4547.jpg",
     "2019-10:11 Paris Clermont/IMG_4547.jpg",
-]
+])
 
 
-CLI_EXPORTED_FILENAME_TEMPLATE_FILENAMES_KEYWORD_PATHSEP = [
+CLI_EXPORTED_FILENAME_TEMPLATE_FILENAMES_KEYWORD_PATHSEP = _normalize_fs_paths([
     "foo:bar/foo:bar_IMG_3092.heic"
-]
+])
 
 CLI_EXPORTED_FILENAME_TEMPLATE_LONG_DESCRIPTION = [
     "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo"
@@ -519,46 +536,59 @@ CLI_EXPORT_BY_DATE_TOUCH_UUID = [
     "F12384F6-CD17-4151-ACBA-AE0E3688539E",  # Pumkins1.jpg
 ]
 CLI_EXPORT_BY_DATE_TOUCH_TIMES = [1538165373, 1538163349]
-CLI_EXPORT_BY_DATE_NEED_TOUCH = [
+CLI_EXPORT_BY_DATE_NEED_TOUCH = _normalize_fs_paths([
     "2018/09/28/Pumkins2.jpg",
     "2018/10/13/St James Park.jpg",
-]
+])
 CLI_EXPORT_BY_DATE_NEED_TOUCH_UUID = [
     "D79B8D77-BFFC-460B-9312-034F2877D35B",
     "DC99FBDD-7A52-4100-A5BB-344131646C30",
 ]
 CLI_EXPORT_BY_DATE_NEED_TOUCH_TIMES = [1538165227, 1539436692]
-CLI_EXPORT_BY_DATE = ["2018/09/28/Pumpkins3.jpg", "2018/09/28/Pumkins1.jpg"]
+CLI_EXPORT_BY_DATE = _normalize_fs_paths([
+    "2018/09/28/Pumpkins3.jpg",
+    "2018/09/28/Pumkins1.jpg",
+])
 
-CLI_EXPORT_SIDECAR_FILENAMES = ["Pumkins2.jpg", "Pumkins2.jpg.json", "Pumkins2.jpg.xmp"]
+CLI_EXPORT_SIDECAR_FILENAMES = _normalize_fs_paths([
-CLI_EXPORT_SIDECAR_DROP_EXT_FILENAMES = [
+    "Pumkins2.jpg",
+    "Pumkins2.jpg.json",
+    "Pumkins2.jpg.xmp",
+])
+CLI_EXPORT_SIDECAR_DROP_EXT_FILENAMES = _normalize_fs_paths([
     "Pumkins2.jpg",
     "Pumkins2.json",
     "Pumkins2.xmp",
-]
+])
 
 CLI_EXPORT_LIVE = [
     "51F2BEF7-431A-4D31-8AC1-3284A57826AE.jpeg",
     "51F2BEF7-431A-4D31-8AC1-3284A57826AE.mov",
 ]
 
-CLI_EXPORT_LIVE_ORIGINAL = ["IMG_0728.JPG", "IMG_0728.mov"]
+CLI_EXPORT_LIVE_ORIGINAL = _normalize_fs_paths([
+    "IMG_0728.JPG",
+    "IMG_0728.mov",
+])
 
 CLI_EXPORT_RAW = ["441DFE2A-A69B-4C79-A69B-3F51D1B9B29C.cr2"]
-CLI_EXPORT_RAW_ORIGINAL = ["IMG_0476_2.CR2"]
+CLI_EXPORT_RAW_ORIGINAL = _normalize_fs_paths(["IMG_0476_2.CR2"])
 CLI_EXPORT_RAW_EDITED = [
     "441DFE2A-A69B-4C79-A69B-3F51D1B9B29C.cr2",
     "441DFE2A-A69B-4C79-A69B-3F51D1B9B29C_edited.jpeg",
 ]
-CLI_EXPORT_RAW_EDITED_ORIGINAL = ["IMG_0476_2.CR2", "IMG_0476_2_edited.jpeg"]
+CLI_EXPORT_RAW_EDITED_ORIGINAL = _normalize_fs_paths([
+    "IMG_0476_2.CR2",
+    "IMG_0476_2_edited.jpeg",
+])
 
 CLI_UUID_DICT_15_7 = {
     "intrash": "71E3E212-00EB-430D-8A63-5E294B268554",
     "template": "F12384F6-CD17-4151-ACBA-AE0E3688539E",
 }
 
-CLI_TEMPLATE_SIDECAR_FILENAME = "Pumkins1.jpg.json"
+CLI_TEMPLATE_SIDECAR_FILENAME = normalize_fs_path("Pumkins1.jpg.json")
-CLI_TEMPLATE_FILENAME = "Pumkins1.jpg"
+CLI_TEMPLATE_FILENAME = normalize_fs_path("Pumkins1.jpg")
 
 CLI_UUID_DICT_14_6 = {"intrash": "3tljdX43R8+k6peNHVrJNQ"}
 
@@ -960,12 +990,12 @@ UUID_UNICODE_TITLE = [
     "D1D4040D-D141-44E8-93EA-E403D9F63E07",  # Frítest.jpg
 ]
 
-EXPORT_UNICODE_TITLE_FILENAMES = [
+EXPORT_UNICODE_TITLE_FILENAMES = _normalize_fs_paths([
     "Frítest.jpg",
     "Frítest (1).jpg",
     "Frítest (2).jpg",
     "Frítest (3).jpg",
-]
+])
 
 # data for --report
 UUID_REPORT = [
@@ -987,12 +1017,12 @@ QUERY_EXIF_DATA_CASE_INSENSITIVE = [
 EXPORT_EXIF_DATA = [("EXIF:Make", "FUJIFILM", ["Tulips.jpg", "Tulips_edited.jpeg"])]
 
 UUID_LIVE_EDITED = "136A78FA-1B90-46CC-88A7-CCA3331F0353"  # IMG_4813.HEIC
-CLI_EXPORT_LIVE_EDITED = [
+CLI_EXPORT_LIVE_EDITED = _normalize_fs_paths([
     "IMG_4813.HEIC",
     "IMG_4813.mov",
     "IMG_4813_edited.jpeg",
     "IMG_4813_edited.mov",
-]
+])
 
 UUID_FAVORITE = "E9BC5C36-7CD1-40A1-A72B-8B8FAC227D51"
 FILE_FAVORITE = "wedding.jpg"
@@ -1804,12 +1834,25 @@ def test_export_preview_update():
         assert len(files) == 2  # preview + original
 
 
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def isolated_filesystem_here():
+    cwd = os.getcwd()
+    tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp(dir=cwd)  # type: ignore[type-var]
+    os.chdir(tempdir)
+
+    try:
+        yield tempdir
+    finally:
+        os.chdir(cwd)
+        shutil.rmtree(tempdir)
+
+
 def test_export_as_hardlink():
 
     runner = CliRunner()
     cwd = os.getcwd()
     # pylint: disable=not-context-manager
-    with runner.isolated_filesystem():
+    with isolated_filesystem_here():
         result = runner.invoke(
             export,
             [os.path.join(cwd, CLI_PHOTOS_DB), ".", "--export-as-hardlink", "-V"],
@@ -1829,7 +1872,7 @@ def test_export_as_hardlink_samefile():
     photo = photosdb.photos(uuid=[CLI_EXPORT_UUID])[0]
 
     # pylint: disable=not-context-manager
-    with runner.isolated_filesystem():
+    with isolated_filesystem_here():
         result = runner.invoke(
             export,
             [
@@ -1854,7 +1897,7 @@ def test_export_using_hardlinks_incompat_options():
     photo = photosdb.photos(uuid=[CLI_EXPORT_UUID])[0]
 
     # pylint: disable=not-context-manager
-    with runner.isolated_filesystem():
+    with isolated_filesystem_here():
         result = runner.invoke(
             export,
             [
@@ -3717,7 +3760,7 @@ def test_export_raw_edited_original():
 def test_export_directory_template_1():
     # test export using directory template
 
-    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
+    setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
 
     runner = CliRunner()
     cwd = os.getcwd()
@@ -3837,7 +3880,7 @@ def test_export_directory_template_locale():
     with runner.isolated_filesystem():
         # set locale environment
         os.environ["LC_ALL"] = "de_DE.UTF-8"
-        locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "")
+        setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "")
         result = runner.invoke(
             export,
             [
@@ -3857,7 +3900,7 @@ def test_export_directory_template_locale():
 def test_export_filename_template_1():
     """export photos using filename template"""
 
-    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
+    setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
 
     runner = CliRunner()
     cwd = os.getcwd()
@@ -3882,7 +3925,7 @@ def test_export_filename_template_1():
 def test_export_filename_template_2():
     """export photos using filename template with folder_album and path_sep"""
 
-    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
+    setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
 
     runner = CliRunner()
     cwd = os.getcwd()
@@ -3907,7 +3950,7 @@ def test_export_filename_template_2():
 def test_export_filename_template_strip():
     """export photos using filename template with --strip"""
 
-    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
+    setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
 
     runner = CliRunner()
     cwd = os.getcwd()
@@ -3933,7 +3976,7 @@ def test_export_filename_template_strip():
 def test_export_filename_template_pathsep_in_name_1():
     """export photos using filename template with folder_album and "/" in album name"""
 
-    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
+    setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
 
     runner = CliRunner()
     cwd = os.getcwd()
@@ -3960,7 +4003,7 @@ def test_export_filename_template_pathsep_in_name_1():
 def test_export_filename_template_pathsep_in_name_2():
     """export photos using filename template with keyword and "/" in keyword"""
 
-    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
+    setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
 
     runner = CliRunner()
     cwd = os.getcwd()
@@ -3988,7 +4031,7 @@ def test_export_filename_template_pathsep_in_name_2():
 def test_export_filename_template_long_description():
     """export photos using filename template with description that exceeds max length"""
 
-    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
+    setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
 
     runner = CliRunner()
     cwd = os.getcwd()
@@ -4664,7 +4707,6 @@ def test_export_force_update():
             export, [os.path.join(cwd, photos_db_path), ".", "--force-update"]
         )
         assert result.exit_code == 0
-        print(result.output)
         assert (
             f"Processed: {PHOTOS_NOT_IN_TRASH_LEN_15_7} photos, exported: 0, updated: 0, skipped: {PHOTOS_NOT_IN_TRASH_LEN_15_7+PHOTOS_EDITED_15_7}, updated EXIF data: 0, missing: 3, error: 0"
             in result.output
@@ -4891,7 +4933,7 @@ def test_export_update_hardlink():
     runner = CliRunner()
     cwd = os.getcwd()
     # pylint: disable=not-context-manager
-    with runner.isolated_filesystem():
+    with isolated_filesystem_here():
         # basic export
         result = runner.invoke(
             export,
@@ -4924,7 +4966,7 @@ def test_export_update_hardlink_exiftool():
     runner = CliRunner()
     cwd = os.getcwd()
     # pylint: disable=not-context-manager
-    with runner.isolated_filesystem():
+    with isolated_filesystem_here():
         # basic export
         result = runner.invoke(
             export,
@@ -5069,7 +5111,7 @@ def test_export_then_hardlink():
     runner = CliRunner()
     cwd = os.getcwd()
     # pylint: disable=not-context-manager
-    with runner.isolated_filesystem():
+    with isolated_filesystem_here():
         # basic export
         result = runner.invoke(export, [os.path.join(cwd, CLI_PHOTOS_DB), ".", "-V"])
         assert result.exit_code == 0
@@ -5177,7 +5219,7 @@ def test_export_update_edits_dry_run():
 def test_export_directory_template_1_dry_run():
     """test export using directory template with dry-run flag"""
 
-    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
+    setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
 
     runner = CliRunner()
     cwd = os.getcwd()
@@ -6052,7 +6094,7 @@ def test_export_as_hardlink_download_missing():
     runner = CliRunner()
     cwd = os.getcwd()
     # pylint: disable=not-context-manager
-    with runner.isolated_filesystem():
+    with isolated_filesystem_here():
         result = runner.invoke(
             export,
             [
@@ -6877,6 +6919,7 @@ def test_export_finder_tag_keywords_dry_run():
             assert result.exit_code == 0
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not is_macos, reason="Only works on macOS")
 def test_export_finder_tag_keywords():
     """test --finder-tag-keywords"""
 
@@ -6951,6 +6994,7 @@ def test_export_finder_tag_keywords():
             assert sorted(md.tags) == sorted(expected)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not is_macos, reason="Only works on macOS")
 def test_export_finder_tag_template():
     """test --finder-tag-template"""
 
@@ -7028,6 +7072,7 @@ def test_export_finder_tag_template():
             assert sorted(md.tags) == sorted(expected)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not is_macos, reason="Only works on macOS")
 def test_export_finder_tag_template_multiple():
     """test --finder-tag-template used more than once"""
 
@@ -7061,6 +7106,7 @@ def test_export_finder_tag_template_multiple():
             assert sorted(md.tags) == sorted(expected)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not is_macos, reason="Only works on macOS")
 def test_export_finder_tag_template_keywords():
     """test --finder-tag-template with --finder-tag-keywords"""
 
@@ -7093,6 +7139,7 @@ def test_export_finder_tag_template_keywords():
             assert sorted(md.tags) == sorted(expected)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not is_macos, reason="Only works on macOS")
 def test_export_finder_tag_template_multi_field():
     """test --finder-tag-template with multiple fields (issue #422)"""
 
@@ -7157,6 +7204,7 @@ def test_export_xattr_template_dry_run():
             assert "Writing extended attribute" in result.output
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not is_macos, reason="Only works on macOS")
 def test_export_xattr_template():
     """test --xattr template"""
 
@@ -7655,14 +7703,14 @@ def test_query_name_unicode():
     cwd = os.getcwd()
     result = runner.invoke(
         query,
-        ["--json", "--db", os.path.join(cwd, PHOTOS_DB_15_7), "--name", "Frítest"],
+        ["--json", "--db", os.path.join(cwd, PHOTOS_DB_15_7), "--name", "Frítest"],
     )
     assert result.exit_code == 0
     json_got = json.loads(result.output)
 
     assert len(json_got) == 4
     assert normalize_unicode(json_got[0]["original_filename"]).startswith(
-        normalize_unicode("Frítest.jpg")
+        normalize_unicode("Frítest.jpg")
     )
 
 

tests/test_cli_add_locations.py

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 """Test osxphotos add-locations command"""
 
-import photoscript
 import pytest
 from click.testing import CliRunner
 
-from osxphotos.cli.add_locations import add_locations
+from osxphotos.utils import is_macos
+if is_macos:
+    import photoscript
+    from osxphotos.cli.add_locations import add_locations
+else:
+    pytest.skip(allow_module_level=True)
 
 UUID_TEST_PHOTO_1 = "F12384F6-CD17-4151-ACBA-AE0E3688539E"  # Pumkins1.jpg
 UUID_TEST_PHOTO_LOCATION = "D79B8D77-BFFC-460B-9312-034F2877D35B"  # Pumkins2.jpg

tests/test_cli_add_to_album.py

@@ -2,10 +2,15 @@
 
 import os
 
-import photoscript
 import pytest
 from click.testing import CliRunner
 
+from osxphotos.utils import is_macos
+if is_macos:
+    import photoscript
+else:
+    pytest.skip(allow_module_level=True)
+
 UUID_EXPORT = {"3DD2C897-F19E-4CA6-8C22-B027D5A71907": {"filename": "IMG_4547.jpg"}}
 UUID_MISSING = {
     "8E1D7BC9-9321-44F9-8CFB-4083F6B9232A": {"filename": "IMG_2000.JPGssss"}

tests/test_cli_all_commands.py

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ TEST_RUN_SCRIPT = "examples/cli_example_1.py"
 def runner() -> CliRunner:
     return CliRunner()
 
-
 from osxphotos.cli import (
     about,
     albums,
@@ -42,10 +41,14 @@ from osxphotos.cli import (
     places,
     theme,
     tutorial,
-    uuid,
     version,
 )
 
+from osxphotos.utils import is_macos
+
+if is_macos:
+    from osxphotos.cli import uuid
+
 
 def test_about(runner: CliRunner):
     with runner.isolated_filesystem():
@@ -68,9 +71,8 @@ def test_about(runner: CliRunner):
         persons,
         places,
         tutorial,
-        uuid,
         version,
-    ],
+    ] + ([uuid] if is_macos else []),
 )
 def test_cli_comands(runner: CliRunner, command: Callable[..., Any]):
     with runner.isolated_filesystem():

tests/test_cli_batch_edit.py

@@ -5,12 +5,17 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import os
 import time
 
-import photoscript
 import pytest
 from click.testing import CliRunner
 
 import osxphotos
-from osxphotos.cli.batch_edit import batch_edit
+from osxphotos.utils import is_macos
+
+if is_macos:
+    import photoscript
+    from osxphotos.cli.batch_edit import batch_edit
+else:
+    pytest.skip(allow_module_level=True)
 
 # set timezone to avoid issues with comparing dates
 os.environ["TZ"] = "US/Pacific"

tests/test_cli_import.py

@@ -14,17 +14,23 @@ from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
 from typing import Dict
 
 import pytest
+
 from click.testing import CliRunner
-from photoscript import Photo
 from pytest import MonkeyPatch, approx
 
 from osxphotos import PhotosDB, QueryOptions
 from osxphotos._constants import UUID_PATTERN
-from osxphotos.cli.import_cli import import_cli
 from osxphotos.datetime_utils import datetime_remove_tz
 from osxphotos.exiftool import get_exiftool_path
+from osxphotos.utils import is_macos
 from tests.conftest import get_os_version
 
+if is_macos:
+    from photoscript import Photo
+    from osxphotos.cli.import_cli import import_cli
+else:
+    pytest.skip(allow_module_level=True)
+
 TERMINAL_WIDTH = 250
 
 TEST_IMAGES_DIR = "tests/test-images"

tests/test_cli_sync.py

@@ -2,11 +2,15 @@
 
 import os
 import json
-import photoscript
 import pytest
 from click.testing import CliRunner
 
-from osxphotos.cli.sync import sync
+from osxphotos.utils import is_macos
+if is_macos:
+    import photoscript
+    from osxphotos.cli.sync import sync
+else:
+    pytest.skip(allow_module_level=True)
 
 UUID_TEST_PHOTO_1 = "D79B8D77-BFFC-460B-9312-034F2877D35B"  # Pumkins2.jpg
 UUID_TEST_PHOTO_2 = "E9BC5C36-7CD1-40A1-A72B-8B8FAC227D51"  # wedding.jpg

tests/test_datetime_formatter.py

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 """ test datetime_formatter.DateTimeFormatter """
 import pytest
 
+from .locale_util import setlocale
+
 
 def test_datetime_formatter_1():
     """Test DateTimeFormatter """
@@ -8,7 +10,7 @@ def test_datetime_formatter_1():
     import locale
     from osxphotos.datetime_formatter import DateTimeFormatter
 
-    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
+    setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
 
     dt = datetime.datetime(2020, 5, 23, 12, 42, 33)
     dtf = DateTimeFormatter(dt)
@@ -32,7 +34,7 @@ def test_datetime_formatter_2():
     import locale
     from osxphotos.datetime_formatter import DateTimeFormatter
 
-    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
+    setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
 
     dt = datetime.datetime(2020, 5, 23, 14, 42, 33)
     dtf = DateTimeFormatter(dt)
@@ -56,7 +58,7 @@ def test_datetime_formatter_3():
     import locale
     from osxphotos.datetime_formatter import DateTimeFormatter
 
-    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
+    setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
 
     dt = datetime.datetime(2020, 5, 2, 9, 3, 6)
     dtf = DateTimeFormatter(dt)

tests/test_exiftool.py

@@ -538,13 +538,13 @@ def test_exiftool_terminate():
 
     ps = subprocess.run(["ps"], capture_output=True)
     stdout = ps.stdout.decode("utf-8")
-    assert "exiftool -stay_open" in stdout
+    assert "exiftool" in stdout
 
     osxphotos.exiftool.terminate_exiftool()
 
     ps = subprocess.run(["ps"], capture_output=True)
     stdout = ps.stdout.decode("utf-8")
-    assert "exiftool -stay_open" not in stdout
+    assert "exiftool" not in stdout
 
     # verify we can create a new instance after termination
     exif2 = osxphotos.exiftool.ExifTool(TEST_FILE_ONE_KEYWORD)

tests/test_export_catalina_10_15_7_use_photos_export.py

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ import os
 import pytest
 
 from osxphotos._constants import _UNKNOWN_PERSON
-from osxphotos.utils import get_macos_version
+from osxphotos.utils import is_macos, get_macos_version
 
-OS_VERSION = get_macos_version()
+OS_VERSION = get_macos_version() if is_macos else (None, None, None)
 SKIP_TEST = "OSXPHOTOS_TEST_EXPORT" not in os.environ or OS_VERSION[1] != "15"
 PHOTOS_DB = os.path.expanduser("~/Pictures/Photos Library.photoslibrary")
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(

tests/test_fileutil.py

@@ -74,10 +74,12 @@ def test_hardlink_file_valid():
 
     temp_dir = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix="osxphotos_")
     src = "tests/test-images/wedding.jpg"
+    src2 = os.path.join(temp_dir.name, "wedding_src.jpg")
     dest = os.path.join(temp_dir.name, "wedding.jpg")
-    FileUtil.hardlink(src, dest)
+    FileUtil.copy(src, src2)
+    FileUtil.hardlink(src2, dest)
     assert os.path.isfile(dest)
-    assert os.path.samefile(src, dest)
+    assert os.path.samefile(src2, dest)
 
 
 def test_unlink_file():

tests/test_monterey_dev_beta_12_0_0.py

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ import pytest
 import osxphotos
 from osxphotos._constants import _UNKNOWN_PERSON
 from osxphotos.photoexporter import PhotoExporter
-from osxphotos.utils import get_macos_version
+from osxphotos.utils import is_macos, get_macos_version
 
-OS_VERSION = get_macos_version()
+OS_VERSION = get_macos_version() if is_macos else (None, None, None)
 # SKIP_TEST = "OSXPHOTOS_TEST_EXPORT" not in os.environ or OS_VERSION[1] != "17"
 SKIP_TEST = True  # don't run any of the local library tests
 PHOTOS_DB_LOCAL = os.path.expanduser("~/Pictures/Photos Library.photoslibrary")

tests/test_photokit.py

@@ -6,15 +6,19 @@ import tempfile
 
 import pytest
 
-from osxphotos.photokit import (
+from osxphotos.utils import is_macos
-    LivePhotoAsset,
+if is_macos:
-    PhotoAsset,
+    from osxphotos.photokit import (
-    PhotoLibrary,
+        LivePhotoAsset,
-    VideoAsset,
+        PhotoAsset,
-    PHOTOS_VERSION_CURRENT,
+        PhotoLibrary,
-    PHOTOS_VERSION_ORIGINAL,
+        VideoAsset,
-    PHOTOS_VERSION_UNADJUSTED,
+        PHOTOS_VERSION_CURRENT,
-)
+        PHOTOS_VERSION_ORIGINAL,
+        PHOTOS_VERSION_UNADJUSTED,
+    )
+else:
+    pytest.skip(allow_module_level=True)
 
 skip_test = "OSXPHOTOS_TEST_EXPORT" not in os.environ
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(

tests/test_template.py

@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ from osxphotos.phototemplate import (
     RenderOptions,
 )
 from osxphotos.photoinfo import PhotoInfoNone
+from osxphotos.utils import is_macos
 from .photoinfo_mock import PhotoInfoMock
+from .locale_util import setlocale
 
 try:
     exiftool = get_exiftool_path()
@@ -549,6 +551,8 @@ def test_lookup_multi(photosdb_places):
         lookup_str = re.match(r"\{([^\\,}]+)\}", subst).group(1)
         if subst in ["{exiftool}", "{photo}", "{function}", "{format}"]:
             continue
+        if subst == "{detected_text}" and not is_macos:
+            continue
         lookup = template.get_template_value_multi(
             lookup_str,
             path_sep=os.path.sep,
@@ -562,7 +566,7 @@ def test_subst(photosdb_places):
     """Test that substitutions are correct"""
     import locale
 
-    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
+    setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
     photo = photosdb_places.photos(uuid=[UUID_DICT["place_dc"]])[0]
 
     for template in TEMPLATE_VALUES:
@@ -574,7 +578,7 @@ def test_subst_date_modified(photosdb_places):
     """Test that substitutions are correct for date modified"""
     import locale
 
-    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
+    setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
     photo = photosdb_places.photos(uuid=[UUID_DICT["date_modified"]])[0]
 
     for template in TEMPLATE_VALUES_DATE_MODIFIED:
@@ -586,7 +590,7 @@ def test_subst_date_not_modified(photosdb_places):
     """Test that substitutions are correct for date modified when photo isn't modified"""
     import locale
 
-    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
+    setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
     photo = photosdb_places.photos(uuid=[UUID_DICT["date_not_modified"]])[0]
 
     for template in TEMPLATE_VALUES_DATE_NOT_MODIFIED:
@@ -600,7 +604,7 @@ def test_subst_locale_1(photosdb_places):
 
     # osxphotos.template sets local on load so set the environment first
     # set locale to DE
-    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "de_DE.UTF-8")
+    setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "de_DE.UTF-8")
 
     photo = photosdb_places.photos(uuid=[UUID_DICT["place_dc"]])[0]
 
@@ -614,6 +618,9 @@ def test_subst_locale_2(photosdb_places):
     import locale
     import os
 
+    # Check if locale is available
+    setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "de_DE.UTF-8")
+
     # osxphotos.template sets local on load so set the environment first
     os.environ["LANG"] = "de_DE.UTF-8"
     os.environ["LC_COLLATE"] = "de_DE.UTF-8"
@@ -634,7 +641,7 @@ def test_subst_default_val(photosdb_places):
     """Test substitution with default value specified"""
     import locale
 
-    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
+    setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
     photo = photosdb_places.photos(uuid=[UUID_DICT["place_dc"]])[0]
 
     template = "{place.name.area_of_interest,UNKNOWN}"
@@ -646,7 +653,7 @@ def test_subst_default_val_2(photosdb_places):
     """Test substitution with ',' but no default value"""
     import locale
 
-    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
+    setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
     photo = photosdb_places.photos(uuid=[UUID_DICT["place_dc"]])[0]
 
     template = "{place.name.area_of_interest,}"
@@ -658,7 +665,7 @@ def test_subst_unknown_val(photosdb_places):
     """Test substitution with unknown value specified"""
     import locale
 
-    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
+    setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
     photo = photosdb_places.photos(uuid=[UUID_DICT["place_dc"]])[0]
 
     template = "{created.year}/{foo}"
@@ -682,7 +689,7 @@ def test_subst_unknown_val_with_default(photosdb_places):
     """Test substitution with unknown value specified"""
     import locale
 
-    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
+    setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
     photo = photosdb_places.photos(uuid=[UUID_DICT["place_dc"]])[0]
 
     template = "{created.year}/{foo,bar}"
@@ -929,7 +936,7 @@ def test_subst_strftime(photosdb_places):
     """Test that strftime substitutions are correct"""
     import locale
 
-    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
+    setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
     photo = photosdb_places.photos(uuid=[UUID_DICT["place_dc"]])[0]
 
     rendered, unmatched = photo.render_template("{created.strftime,%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S}")
@@ -1287,6 +1294,7 @@ def test_album_seq(photosdb):
             assert rendered[0] == value
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not is_macos, reason="Only works on macOS")
 def test_detected_text(photosdb):
     """Test {detected_text} template"""
     photo = photosdb.get_photo(UUID_DETECTED_TEXT)

tests/test_template_today.py

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import pytest
 import osxphotos
 from osxphotos.phototemplate import RenderOptions
 
+from .locale_util import setlocale
+
 PHOTOS_DB_PLACES = (
     "./tests/Test-Places-Catalina-10_15_1.photoslibrary/database/photos.db"
 )
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ def test_subst_today(photosdb):
     """Test that substitutions are correct for {today.x}"""
     import locale
 
-    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
+    setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
     photo = photosdb.photos(uuid=[UUID_DICT["place_dc"]])[0]
 
     photo_template = osxphotos.PhotoTemplate(photo)
@@ -64,7 +66,7 @@ def test_subst_strftime_today(photosdb):
     """Test that strftime substitutions are correct for {today.strftime}"""
     import locale
 
-    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
+    setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "en_US")
     photo = photosdb.photos(uuid=[UUID_DICT["place_dc"]])[0]
 
     photo_template = osxphotos.PhotoTemplate(photo)

tests/test_uti.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from osxphotos.uti import (
     get_preferred_uti_extension,
     get_uti_for_extension,
 )
+from osxphotos.utils import is_macos
 
 EXT_DICT = {"heic": "public.heic", "jpg": "public.jpeg", ".jpg": "public.jpeg"}
 UTI_DICT = {"public.heic": "heic", "public.jpeg": "jpeg"}
@@ -43,12 +44,14 @@ def test_get_uti_for_extension_no_objc():
     osxphotos.uti.OS_VER = OLD_VER
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not is_macos, reason="Only works on macOS")
 def test_get_uti_from_mdls():
     """get _get_uti_from_mdls"""
     for ext in EXT_DICT:
         assert _get_uti_from_mdls(ext) == EXT_DICT[ext]
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not is_macos, reason="Only works on macOS")
 def test_get_uti_not_in_dict():
     """get UTI when objc is not available and it's not in the EXT_UTI_DICT"""
     # monkey patch the EXT_UTI_DICT